什么叫介词 连词

什么叫介词 连词
什么叫介词 连词

什么叫介词 连词
一、概念:
介词（是prepositions,简称prep),又称前置词,是英语中最活跃的词类之一,连接主语和表语.特别是一些常用介词的搭配力特别强,可以用来表示各种不同的意思.英语里大部分习语都是由介词和其他词构成的.介词在句中一般不重读.在定语从句“介词+who/which”的结构中,不能用that 代替who/which.She is a good student from who we should learn.
编辑本段二.相关知识点精讲
介词口诀：自从以当为按照,由于对于为了到；和跟把比在关于,除了同对向往朝；用在名词代词前,修饰名代要记牢..
编辑本段1.表示地点位置的介词
1)at ,in, on, to,for at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边” in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”. on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在……上面”. to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤；或“到……” 2)above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对； over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触. on表示某物体上面并与之接触. The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3)below, under 在……下面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下,不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 4)in front [frant]of, in the front of在……前面 in front of…意思是“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）. There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉.) in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”,即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）. There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板. Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5）beside,behind beside 表示在……旁边 behind 表示在……后面
编辑本段2.表示时间的介词
1)in , on,at 在……时 in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等. 如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等. on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚. 如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等. at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等. 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等. 注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词.如：We meet every day. 2)in, after 在……之后 “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后； “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后； “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后. 3)from, since 自从…… from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久； since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用.since表示"自（某具体时间）以来",常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语. since liberation（1980）自从解放（1980年）以来 They have been close friends since childhood． 他们从小就是好朋友. （1）since the war是指"自从战争结束以来",若指"自从战争开始以来",须说"since the beginning of the war". （2）不要将since与after混淆. 比较：He has worked here since 1965．（指一段时间,强调时间段）自从1965年以来,他一直在这儿工作. He began to work here after 1965． （指一点时间,强调时间点）从1965年以后,他开始在这儿工作. 4)after, behind 在……之后 after主要用于表示时间； behind主要用于表示位置. 时间名词前介词用法口诀 年前周前要用in 具体日子要用on 遇到几号也用on 上午下午得是in 要说某日上下午 用on换in记清楚 午夜黄昏用at 黎明用它也不错 at用在时分前 说“差”可要用上to 说"过''要用past
编辑本段3.表示运动方向的介词：
across, through 通过,穿过 across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关,为二维 through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关,为三维.
编辑本段4.表示“在……之间”的介词：
表示“在……之间”的介词在英语中属于方位介词,如in front of ,behind ,on, in, near, under, up between, among between指在两个人或两个事物之间； among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间.
编辑本段5.表示其他意义的介词
1)on ,about 关于 on 表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读； about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式. 2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具； with 表示用 …工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段； in 表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等； 3)except, besides 除了 except 除……之外,不包括在内； besides 除……之外,包括在内. Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去) Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
编辑本段其它常用介词
介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小,但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂.下列为常用介词及含义: 1）about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身. I have bought a book about Shakespearean. 我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书. There are about fifteen trees in the picture. 大约有十五棵树在图片里. 2）above 在.上,高出,以上,超过,在...上游. The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机在云上飞行. I think the man is above sixty years old. 我想那人有六十多岁了. 3）across 横过,对面,交叉,在...的对面. Can you swim across the river? 你能游过河吗? We live across the street. 我们住在街的对面. 4）after 在...后面,依照. He went home after school. 他放学后就回家了. Read after me, please. 请跟我朗读. 5）against 撞到,靠着,反对,违背, The car hit against the tree. 汽车撞了树. He is standing against the wall. 他靠墙站着. 6）along 沿着,顺着. They are walking along the river. 他们沿着河行走. 7）among 在...当中.（三者或三者以上） He is the tallest among them. 他是他们当中个子最高的. 8）around 在...的周围,在...那一边. They sat around the table talking the news. 他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻. There is a drugstore around the corner. 拐角处有一家药店. 9）as 作为. He doesn't like people treat him as a child. 他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待. 10）at 在...时刻,在...点钟,在...岁时, 向,在...之中,按...速度,值(卖)...钱, 在...（强调地点） He always gets up at six in the morning. 他时常早上六点钟起床. He shot at the bird but missed it. 他向鸟射击,但是没射中. The car goes at eighty miles an hour. 汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶. 11）before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(时间) He took a picture before the car. 他在汽车前照了张照片. He can't finish his work before supper. 晚饭前他完不成工作. 12）behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于,不如, 迟于,晚于(时间) Are there any brooms behind the door. 门后有扫帚吗? All of us are behind him in mathematics. 我们数学都不如他. 13）below 在...之下,低于, There are four lights below the ceiling. 天花板下面有四盏灯. The murderer run away below the police's eyes. 杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了. 14）beside 在...的旁边,在...之外,与...相比. He found the body beside the river. 他在河边发现了尸体. Beside yours, my computer is too slow. 与你的计算机速度相比,我的就慢多了. 15）besides 除...之外, 还有... We are all here besides Bowe. 除鲍外,我们也都来了. 16）between 在...两者之间, The relations between the two countries has improved since then. 两国的关系从那以后得到了改善. 17）beyond 在...那边, The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it. 你要找的商店在街的那边,你不会找不到的. 18）but 除去. He has nothing but money. 他除钱以外什么都没有. 19）by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不迟于, 以...为手段. The classroom was cleaned by the students. 教室由学生们打扫干净了. Miss Lucy came to China by air. 露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的. 20）down 沿着...望下. She walked down the street. 她沿着街道走. 21）during 在...期间,在...时候. During the holiday, we went to the south. 我们假期去了南方. 22）except 除...之外. He knows nothing except English. 他除英语以外什么都不知道. 23）for 为..., 因为..., 至于... . He works for this company. 他为这家公司工作. She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom. 她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里. 24）from 从..., 来自..., 因为. Where are you from? 你是哪里人? He died from an accident. 他死于一场事故. 25）in 在..., 在...之内,从事于..., 按照..., 穿着. He was born in 1992. 他生于1992年.
连词就是起连接作用的词,and,补充当任何成分.
（一）,连词主要有but ,however,yet,although,on the contrary,while
,and, then, first second,or,not only...but also...,both...and...,neither...nor...
（二）,并列连词和从属连词按语义分如下几种：
A,常见的表示语义引申的并列连词有：1.and
Justice is on your side. And justice will triumph over injustice. 正义在你们一边,而正义是会战胜非正义的.
2. neither... nor
She could neither speak the language nor write it. 这种语言她既不会说,也不会写.
3. both... and
A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力.
4. not only... but also
We should not only be bold, but also be cautious. 我们不仅要大胆,而且要谨慎.
5. as well as
I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本.
B,表示选择的并列连词有：
1. or
You may do it yourself, or ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做或者让别人做.
2. either... or
I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了,就是放在抽屉里了.
除了表示选择外,or和either... or还可以表示否定的条件：
1) Now I must go or (if not) I shall be late for the party. 我现在得走了,否则晚会我就要迟到了.
2) You'll either behave yourself, or you'll never go out with me. 你要么老实点,要么就永远不能跟我一起出去.
C,表示转折或对比的并列连词有：
1. but
He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. 他做了很大努力但没有成功.
2. yet
The car was old, yet it was in excellent condition. 这辆车子很旧,但仍处于良好的状态.
3. however
She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. 她病了.然而她照旧去上班,并且尽力集中精神工作.
4. nevertheless
I don't know anything against that man; nevertheless I don't trust him. 我对那个人没有什么不良的看法,但我不能信赖他.

D,表示因果关系的并列连词有：
1. for
You'd better put on your sweater, for it's rather cold outside. 你最好把毛衣穿上,外边相当冷.
2. so
My sister is expecting me,so I must be off now. 姐姐在等我,因此我得走了.
3. therefore
You are right, therefore we should support you. 你是对的,所以我们应当支持你.
4. hence
I fell off my bike yesterday—hence the bruises. 我昨天骑自行车摔倒了——所以青一块、紫一块的.

从属连词是用来引导从句的.分为如下几种：
A,引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：
1. when
There was prolonged applause when he began to speak. 他开始讲话时响起了经久不息的掌声.
2. while
We should strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁.
3. as
As (When) he entered, the hall burst into thunderous applause. 当他进来时,全场发出雷鸣般的掌声.
4. after
After I visit Shanghai I'll travel up the Yangtze. 访问上海之后,我将溯长江而上.
5. before
It would be months before he was fit for the work. 要过好几个月他才能适应工作.
6. since
It is just a week since we arrived here. 我们到这里才一个星期.
7. until (till)
I shall stay here until (till) I've completed my studies. 我要在这里待到学习结束为止.
8. as soon as
As soon as he got well, he went back to work. 他病一好就回去上班了.
9. once
Once he said that, I knew he was lying. 他一说这话我就知道他在撒谎.
B,引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：
1. because
He failed because he was too careless. 因为他太粗心,所以失败了.
2. as
As it was already rather dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 因为已经相当晚了,我们决定在庙里待一夜.
3. since
Since you don't want to go, we won't force you to. 既然你不愿意去,我们也不勉强你.
4. now that
Now that you are all back, we'd better start the work right away. 你们既然都回来了,我们最好马上就开始工作.
5. considering (that)
They did the job quite well considering (that) they had no experience. 考虑到他们没有什么经验,这项工作他们已经干得不错了.
6. seeing that
Seeing that (Since) nobody was very enthusiastic about it, they decided to cancel the trip. 由于都没有很高的热情,他们决定取消这次旅行.
C,引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：
1. if
If you can do it, so can I. 你要是能办到,我也能办到.
2. even if
We wouldn't lose heart even if we should fail ten times. 我们就是失败十次也不灰心.
3. unless
I won't go unless you want me to. 除非你要我去,否则我是不会去的.
4. in case
We'd better take our raincoats in case it should rain (rains). 我们最好把雨衣带着以防下雨.
5. provided /providing (that)
I'll come provided (providing) (that) you let me know in good time. 你要是及时通知我是会来的.
6. suppose/supposing (that)
Suppose (Supposing) (that) he won't agree, what shall we do? 假如他不同意,我们怎么办?
7. as (so) long as
You may use the room as long as you keep it clean. 只要保持清洁你可以用这个房间.
8. on condition (that)
I'll lend you the book on condition (that) you return it on Monday. 只要你能在星期一还我,这本书我就借给你.
D,引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：
1. although / though
Everybody worked with great enthusiasm although/though the weather was extremely cold. 虽然天气很冷,大家工作得非常起劲.
2. even if (though)
Even if I have to walk all the way I'll get there. 即使我得一路走着去,我也要去那里.
E,引导比较状语从句的从属连词有：
1. than
We have produced 20% more cotton this year than we did last year. 我们今年棉花产量比去年高百分之二十.
2. as (so)...as
He doesn't play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半.
F,引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：
1. lest
She explained again and again lest people should misunderstand her. 她一再解释唯恐人们误解.
2. so that
Speak clearly so that we may understand you. 讲话要清楚,以便我们能听明白.
3. in order that
He assigned us some books to read at home in order that (so that) we might have a deeper understanding of the subject. 他指定几本书给我们回家看,以便我们对这一主题有一个较深的了解.
G,引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：
1. so...that
She was so moved that tears came to her eyes. 她感动得热泪盈眶.
2. such...that
It was such a boring speech that I fell asleep. 演讲枯燥乏味,听得我都睡着了.
另外:引导名词性从句的连词有三个：(1)that (本身无意义),(2)whether (or not),(3)if.例如：
That they will refuse the offer is unlikely. 他们不太可能会拒绝这个建议.
I don't know whether (=if) these figures are accurate. 我不知道这些数字是否精确.
需要注意的是：whether (or not) 可引导大部分名词性从句；if仅可引导宾语从句,而且不可跟or not.例如：
Whether (≠if) they will come or not won't make much difference. 他们来不来关系不大.
I wonder if (=whether) she has received our telegram. 我不知道她是否收到了我们的电报.