过去完成进行时用法以及注意
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过去完成进行时用法以及注意
过去完成进行时用法以及注意
过去完成进行时用法以及注意
过去完成进行时表示持续到过去某时的一个动作(可算是现在完成进行时的过去式):
The ground was wet.It had been raining.地是湿的.此前一直在下雨.
过去时间可用一个时间状语表示:
When I first met her,she had been working in the company for ten years.我第一次见到她时,她在那家公司已工作十年了.
*但在更多情况下过去时间由另一句子表示出来,毋需加上时间状语
*有时上下文可说明是谈过去的事,因此不需要时间状语:
She had been watching TV all day.她看了一天的电视.
这个时态也可用在某些从句中,这时从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前而对其有影响:
I heard you’d been looking for me.我听说你一直在找我.
补充
凡不能用于进行时的动词均不能有这种时态,但动词want (有时还有wish) 除外.如:
The boy was delighted with his new knife.He had been wanting one for a long time.男孩对新小刀很高兴.他早就想要一把了.
过去完成进行时没有被动语态.
A 形式
过去完成进行时是由 had been+现在分词构成,因此无人称变化:
I had/I’d been working
they had not/hadn’t been working
had you been working?
had you not/hadn’t you been working?
凡不能用于进行时的...
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A 形式
过去完成进行时是由 had been+现在分词构成,因此无人称变化:
I had/I’d been working
they had not/hadn’t been working
had you been working?
had you not/hadn’t you been working?
凡不能用于进行时的动词均不能有这种时态,但动词want(有时还有wish)除外:
The boy was delighted with his new knife.He had been wanting one fora long time.
男孩对新小刀很高兴。他早就想要一把了。
注意:这一时态没有被动语态,像They had been picking ap-ples(他们一直在摘苹果)这样的句子,最近似的被动式是Ap-ples had been picked(苹果已摘完),实际上这两种说法意思并不相同。(参见下面B3。)
B 用法
过去完成进行时与过去完成时之间的关系,同现在完成进行时与现在完成时之间的关系相同。(参见第192节。)
1 表示动作在所说的过去某一时刻之前就已开始并持续到那一时刻或者在那一时刻之前刚刚停止时,常常可以用两个时态中的任一个(参见第192节A):
It was now six and he was tired because he had worked since dawn.
已经6点了,他感到很累,因为他从天亮起一直工作到现在。相当于:
It was now six and he was tired because he had been working since dawn.
那时正是6点,他因从一大早就干活而累了。
2 用过去完成时表示的反复的动作,有时可以作为一种连续的动作用过去完成进行时表示(参见第192节B):
he had tried five times to get her on the phone.
他曾试着打了五次电话要找她。
He had been trying to get her on the phone.
他一直在试着打电话找她。
3 一个用过去完成时表达的单一动作和一个用过去完成进行时表达的动作不同(参见第192节C):
By six o’clock he had repaired the engine.
到6点钟时他已经修好发动机了。(这项工作已经完成。)
但He had been repairing the engine(他一直在修理发动机)仅告诉我们他在前面的时间/前半小时里做什么,而并不告诉我们这项工作是否完成。
另一个区别是,由过去完成进行时表示的动作常持续进行直到或甚至超过说话的时间(这个时间是在过去)。而由过去完成时表示的动作虽可以发生在这一说话时间之前不久,但动作与说话之间可以有较长的时间间隔:
He had been painting the door.
他当时一直在油漆门。(油漆大概还未干。)
He had painted the door.
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The ground was wet. It had been raining.