英语翻译（1）切开腹壁：施术部位确定后,术者按常规清洗、剃毛、消毒、麻醉后,首先作一弧形切口,然后依次分层切开皮肌,腹外斜肌、腹内斜肌、腹横肌及其筋膜,遇有血管应避开或做双重

英语翻译（1）切开腹壁：施术部位确定后,术者按常规清洗、剃毛、消毒、麻醉后,首先作一弧形切口,然后依次分层切开皮肌,腹外斜肌、腹内斜肌、腹横肌及其筋膜,遇有血管应避开或做双重
英语翻译
（1）切开腹壁：施术部位确定后,术者按常规清洗、剃毛、消毒、麻醉后,首先作一弧形切口,然后依次分层切开皮肌,腹外斜肌、腹内斜肌、腹横肌及其筋膜,遇有血管应避开或做双重结扎.再剪开腹膜,剪腹腹时须用镊子夹起剪开一小口,然后术者将左手中指或食指伸入破口,在左手的引导下剪开腹膜至适当长度,暴露瘤胃.（2）拉出子宫：腹膜切开后,术者手臂应重新消毒并以生理盐水冲洗,然后伸入腹腔检查子宫,胎儿及附近器官,查明有无破裂及粘连情况.随后让一助手将瘤胃往前移,暴露子宫.将子宫托出至切口之外.拉动子宫时动作要缓慢,并按一定的角度.用力过大易于把子宫撕裂.子宫拉出后应在子宫和切口边缘之间堵塞大块多层灭菌纱布,防止子宫内的液体流入腹腔引起感染.（3）切开子宫：确定子宫角大弯后,避开子宫阜,一刀切透子宫壁.将子宫壁切口的出血点充分结扎后,仔细分离切口附近胎膜.如膜内胎水充盈,则先切一小口放出胎水.放胎水要选择适当的位置和方向.待部分胎水放完后,用剪刀延长胎膜切口并将两侧切缘向子宫切口两侧翻转,固定,这样胎膜外翻的切缘形成一生物创布,胎水外流时不致漏入腹腔,引起污染.（4）拉出胎儿：取胎儿时沿着子宫切口抓住胎儿后肢跗部或前肢腕部按最适合的方向和角度慢慢的拉出胎儿.如切口太小,可将切口扩大.拉出胎儿后,助手要固定好子宫不要让它缩回腹腔.拉出的胎儿按正产犊牛护理.（5）剥离胎衣：处理原则是可剥离者应全部剥离,不能剥离时则将已脱落的部分剪除,让其余留在子宫内,待它自行脱落排出,但切口两侧边缘附近的胎膜必须剥离剪除,否则有障缝合.（6）缝合子宫：在缝合子宫前,子宫内应均匀撒布消炎粉.子宫的封闭通常是进行两次缝合,第一次全层连续缝合,第二道缝合浆膜肌层包埋缝合.为了加速子宫复和止血,并有利于排出恶露,缝合前可在子宫腔内注入垂体后叶素5～10单位.（7）缝合腹壁：缝合腹壁之前应认真洗净腹腔.腹壁切口整理之后,首先缝合腹膜,通常用肠线进行连续缝合,腹膜缝完之前,应通过切口向腹膜注入抗生素油剂,防止感染和粘连.而后逐层,连续缝合肌肉.最后应用结节缝合皮肤,缝皮肤时要将创缘内翻,否则会影响创口愈合,使疗程延长.

英语翻译（1）切开腹壁：施术部位确定后,术者按常规清洗、剃毛、消毒、麻醉后,首先作一弧形切口,然后依次分层切开皮肌,腹外斜肌、腹内斜肌、腹横肌及其筋膜,遇有血管应避开或做双重
(1) cut the abdominal wall: The performer position is confirmed, surgeons routinely cleaning, shaving, disinfection, anesthesia, first of all to make a curved incision, followed by incision of the skin layer muscle, external oblique, intra-abdominal oblique, transverse abdominal muscle and fascia, blood vessels should avoid or do in case of a double ligation. Then cut the peritoneum, abdominal abdominal cutting tweezers pick up the cut to be a small mouth, and then patients will reach into his left middle finger or index finger break, under the guidance of the left hand cut in the peritoneum to the appropriate length of exposure to the rumen. (2) out of the uterus: peritoneal incision, the surgeon should re-arm disinfection and flushing with saline and then inserted into abdominal examination the uterus, the fetus and the surrounding organs, to identify whether the rupture and adhesions. Then assistant to the rumen to a forward shift, exposing the uterus. To cut out the outside of the pessary. Pulling the uterus moves to slow, according to a certain angle. Excessive force is easy to tear the uterus. Pulled out the uterus and the uterine incision should be blocked between the edge of large multi-sterile gauze to prevent fluid within the uterus into the abdominal cavity causing infection. (3) uterine incision: After determining the greater curvature of the uterine horns, uterine Fu away, across the board through the uterine wall. The uterine wall incision after ligation of the bleeding was sufficient, carefully cut near the separation membranes. Such as membrane tube water filling, then cut a small hole first release of water births. Put the water to select the appropriate tire location and direction. After the release of water to be part of the tire, and cut with scissors to extend on both sides of fetal membranes to the uterine incision margin flip side, fixed, so that the cutting edge of everted membranes to form a bio-Chong cloth, tires will not drain water outflows into the abdominal cavity, causing pollution. (4) Pull the fetus: fetal take to seize the fetus when the uterine incision along the hind tarsal or forelimb wrist by the Ministry of the direction and angle best suited to slowly pull out the fetus. Such as the incision is too small incision can be extended. Pull out the fetus, the assistant should not let it fixed retracted abdominal hysterectomy. Is produced by the fetus out of the nursing calf. (5) stripping afterbirth: principles of management is to peel all the peel should not be stripped off when the part will have been cut off, let the rest stay in the womb, to be discharged off on its own, but the incision near the edge of the fetal membranes on both sides must Peel cut off, or they impaired suture. (6), uterine suture: the suture before the uterus, the uterus should be evenly spreading powder to it. Uterine suture closure is usually carried out twice, the first full-thickness continuous suture, the second suture embedded serosal muscularis suture. To speed recovery, and uterine bleeding, and is conducive to lochia discharge, in the uterine cavity before closure of vasopressin into the 5 to 10 units. (7) abdominal wall suture: suture the abdominal wall should be carefully cleaned before the abdominal cavity. Abdominal incision after finishing the first peritoneal suture, usually continuous catgut suture, peritoneal seam finished, you should through the incision into the peritoneal oil antibiotics to prevent infection and adhesion. Then layer by layer, continuous suture muscle. Finally nodules suture the skin, slit the skin to the wound edge inversion, otherwise it will affect wound healing, the treatment extended.