英语翻译翻译下面一段话~(一)感知感知指个人对外部世界的刺激进行选择、评价和组织的过程.感知与文化有着密切的关系,萨姆瓦等学者,有五种主要的社会文化因素对发展感知起着很大的影

英语翻译翻译下面一段话~(一)感知感知指个人对外部世界的刺激进行选择、评价和组织的过程.感知与文化有着密切的关系,萨姆瓦等学者,有五种主要的社会文化因素对发展感知起着很大的影
英语翻译
翻译下面一段话~
(一)感知
感知指个人对外部世界的刺激进行选择、评价和组织的过程.感知与文化有着密切的
关系,萨姆瓦等学者,有五种主要的社会文化因素对发展感知起着很大的影响作用,
这些文化方面的因素有：信仰、文化价值观、系统、世界观、社会组织.
对于信仰来说,不同的民族和文化,拥有着不同的信仰,决定着人们的价值选择和判
断,而文化价值观是人们在作出选择和解决争端时作为依据的一种规则体系.价值观
是后天习得的,它不是普遍的,它会因文化背景的不同而不同.同样,不同文化背景
的人有着不同的心态系统,而作为世界观,更是在无形之中影响着人们对事物的理解
.同时.跨文化沟通双方,不可避免地会来自于不同的社会组织.不同的社会组织拥
有不同的组织文化,这种组织文化的不同,也决定了其成员的行为规范和价值判断的
不同.由此可见,上述文化方面的五个因素决定了沟通者对沟通所传达信息的感知.
由于文化差异的存在,使人们对同一事物的描述和理解产生了差异,由此出现了沟通
障碍.
(二)成见
成见是指不考虑个体成员特征,根据对某一个群体先前已有的观念、态度和看法,形
成对这个群体中某一个成员的认识.在跨文化沟通中,经常会因为沟通双方成见的存
在,先人为主,不具体分析某一个人的沟通特征,而用某一文化群体共同的特征来分
析沟通者的行为特征.如我们经常听到类似这样的话：“他是个某国人,他必定……
”这样的结论无须耗费任何努力和精力,也无须对他人经过观察,大大简化了信息的
虽然这种因为成见而导
致的信息处理过程的简化,有时可以有效提高沟通的效率,但是成见作为我们头脑中
的图像常常是僵化的、难以改变的,往往容易造成沟通失误,造成对别人传达信息的
误解.因此,对于一些关系重大的沟通来说,如果条件允许,最好还是先厘清自己是
否对对方抱有成见,然后消除成见,在通观整个沟通文化群体的整体文化特征的基础
上,更加详细地分析其个体的文化差异,进行正确的跨文化沟通.
(三)缺乏共感
共感是指设身处地去体味别人的苦乐和际遇,从而产生情感上的共鸣的能力,而缺乏
共感就是指缺乏产生这种共鸣能力的机遇．不能完全了解、评价、接受他人的文化差
异.在跨文化沟通中要产生共感,首先要做的是对对方的沟通语言和行为进行正确的
文化归因.不同的文化主体在进行沟通时,如果来自一种文化的人受到了来自另一种
文化的人的冒犯,被冒犯者认为这是出于对自己文化的不了解,冒犯通常会被原谅,
但是如果被冒犯者把这种跨文化沟通障碍归因于非文化背景的解释,如认为是冒犯者
的傲慢自大等,就会产生严重的问题.这就是文化归因问题.为了与有着不同文化背
景的人一道工作,需要我们对面临的环境进行正确的文化归因,进行换位思考,站在
对方的角度看待问题.同类的文化归因会导致对他、人的积极评价,有助于我们更好
地理解对方的言语和非言语的行为.
(四)种族中心主义
种族中心主义是影响跨文化有效沟通的又一个因素.所谓种族中心主义是一种以自身
的文化价值和标准去解释和判断其他文化环境中的群体的一种趋向.具有种族中心主
义思想的人,会认为只有自己民族文化的存在是正确的,很难考虑别人的价值观念和
思想感受.在文化沟通中,双方要注意克服种族中心主义思想的产生,把自己和沟通方的文化差异放在全球的范围内进行辨别和理解,促进跨文化沟通的有效进行.
发错版块了.PS：请不要直接用翻译软件,如果是自己翻译的,就算内容少翻一点也没事,不过要告诉下我哪里没有翻.好的话会追加的~

英语翻译翻译下面一段话~(一)感知感知指个人对外部世界的刺激进行选择、评价和组织的过程.感知与文化有着密切的关系,萨姆瓦等学者,有五种主要的社会文化因素对发展感知起着很大的影
(一) perception
Perception of the outside world stimulation by individuals for selecting,evaluation and organizational process.Perception and culture have close relations,Sam watts scholar,there are five major social and cultural factors on developing perception plays a big effect,these cultural factors have:faith,cultural value,system,outlook,social organization.For belief speaking,different nationalities and cultures,with different faiths,determines the people's value choice and judgement,and cultural values are people in make choices and resolve conflict as basis of a kind of rule system.Values are acquired,it is not common,it will be because of different cultural background and different.Also,people of many different cultures have different attitude system,and the outlook,but also as the aeriform in affect people you understand.At the same time.Intercultural communication both sides,inevitably will come from different social organization.The different social organizations have different organizational culture and this organization culture is different,also determines its members behavior standard and value judgment is different.Thus,the culture of the five factors determine the communicator of communication conveyed information perception.Due to cultural differences,make people on the same thing described and understood have created differences,thus appeared communication obstacles.
(二) stereotypes
Prejudice is one that is not consider individual members characteristics,according to one group previously existing ideas,attitudes and perceptions,the formation of this group of one member understanding.In cross-cultural communication,often because communication both stereotypes of existence,animas give priority to,do not concrete analysis someone's communication features,but in a culture group of common features to analyze the communicator behavior.As we often hear such words:"he is a man,he will surely..." This conclusion without any effort and energy costs,also need not to others through observation,greatly simplifying the information processing.Although this because of prejudice to information process simplification,sometimes can effectively improve the communication efficiency,but prejudices as our minds of image is often the rigid,difficult to change,usually easy to cause the miscommunication,cause misunderstanding of conveying information to others.Therefore,to some momentous communication speaking,if the condition allows,still had better first clarify oneself is to each other with prejudices,then eliminate prejudices,whole communication culture in the aberrational the whole community cultural characteristics,on the basis of analyzing its individual more detail of the cultural differences,undertake proper cross-cultural communication.
(三) lack of empathy
Empathy refers to put yourself in to appreciate others pleasure and fortune,resulting in emotional identification ability,and lack of empathy is refers to lack the ability to produce this resonance opportunity.Cannot fully understand,evaluation,accept other's cultural differences.In cross-cultural communication should produce in empathy,the first thing to do is to each other's language and behavior on proper culture attribution.Different culture subject,if the communication from a culture of the people suffered from another culture person offense,insulted man thinks for the sake of their own culture does not understand,offend will usually be forgiven,but if be offenders,put the cross-cultural communication obstacles attributed to the cultural background of explanation,such as considered offenders,arrogance,etc,it can create serious problems.It was the cultural attribution problem.In order to have people of many different cultures,we need to work together to face environment correct attribution,cultural perspective-taking,standing on the other side of the view of the problem.Similar cultural attribution can lead to him,people's positive comments will help us better understand each other's language and behavior.
(四) race centralism
Racial centralism affect intercultural effective communication is another factor.Alleged racial centralism is one kind take its own cultural values and standards to explain and judging other cultural environment of groups of a trend.With racial centralism thinking people will think oneself only national cultural existence is correct,it is difficult to think of other people's ideas and values of feeling.In the cultural communication,both parties should note overcome racial center ideology of generation,oneself and communication square cultural differences in the global range for identification and understanding,promote cross-cultural communication effici-ently.