九年级英语12单元重点语法12单元

九年级英语12单元重点语法12单元
九年级英语12单元重点语法
12单元

九年级英语12单元重点语法12单元
How do you study for a test?
[教学目标]1.谈论如何学习英语.(talk about how to study English)
2.学习用 “动词+ by + doing”表示 “方式、方法.”(by doing)
3.复习现在完成时.(have/has + done)
4.复习提建议的方法.(What about…? Why don't you…?)
5.学习一些重点词组.(key phrases)
[单元内容概述] 一.单词.
1.名词类:pronunciation,voice,skill,grammar,comma,challenge,sentence,learner,speaker,solution,secret,
term, service, status, symbol, expert, tune,
2.动词类:memorize, frustrate, add, pronounce, complete, ring, impress,
3.形容词类:specific,frustrating,excited,spoken,native,mobile,ashamed,old-fashioned,outdated,
fashionable, latest, embarrassed, main
这些词都是四会词汇,所谓四会词汇就是:一会读音、二会拼写、三会意思、四会用法.
e.g. excitedget excited adout对…感到很兴奋
4.副词类:aloud, differently, quickly, slowly, fast, actually, easily,
[重点词组](Key Phrases)二.词组
1.not at all 一点也不 2.end up(doing) sth 结束做某事
3.make mistakes 犯错 4.later on 后来
5.be afraid to do 害怕做某事 6.laugh at 嘲笑(某人)
7.take notes 作笔记 8.enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
9.make up 组成 10.mobile phone移动电话,手机
11.on one's way to在某人去某地的路上 12. be shamed of因…感到惭愧
13.behind the times过时的,老式的14. turn off 关掉(电视、收音机、电灯等)
15.worst of all最糟糕的是 16.fit in with sb 与某人相处融洽
17.native speaker 说本族语的人 18.begin with 以…开头
19.the best way to do…做某事最好的办法 20.write down 写下,记下
21.once more又一次,再一次 22. first of all 首先
23.give up 放弃 24.think about 考虑
25.at the time 当时 26.make sb do sth 使某人做某事
27.send fast / short messages 发快/短信 28.status symbol 身份的象征
29.spend … on sth在…花费(时间,金钱) 30.if… or not 是否
31. be with sb 与某人在一起 32.get excited about 对…感到激动
三.句型
1.How do you study for tests? Well, I study (by working) with my classmates.
2.(Have) you ever (studied) with a group? Yes, I have. I'(ve learned) a lot that way.
3.I don't have a partner to practice English with. May be you (should join) an English club.
4.(What about) reading aloud to practice pronunciation?
5.(Why don't) you join an English language club?
后面的3、4、5句都是表示提建议的方法.
[重、难点讲解]一.重点词汇
1.voice n.说话声;声音(the sound that are made when people speak or sing)
e.g. He spoke in a quite (loud / angry / kind) voice. 他悄声/大声/生气/友好地讲话.
The little girl has a very sweet voice.那个小女孩声音甜美.
We could hear the children's voice in the garden.我们能够听见花园里孩子们的说话声.
He's got a good voice; he sings well.他嗓音好,歌唱得好.
◆注意:voice ;sound 与 noise 的区别:
(1)sound“声音; 响声”指各种各样的声响.(可数名词)例如:
While I worked in my room, I heard a strange sound in my house.
当我在房间里工作的时候,我听见房间里有一种奇怪的声音.
When she woke, her ear caught the sound of knocking.她醒来时听到了敲门声.
There was a sound on footsteps on the staircase outside.外面楼道上有脚步声.
(2) noise 声音(可数,不可数)Don't make so much noise! 别吵!
The noise of traffic kept him awake.车辆的嘈杂声使我怎么也睡不着.
We could not hear them because of the noise from the factory.
因为工厂的噪音,我们听不见他们在说什么.
voice人说话声;声音sound声音; 响声,各种各样的声响.(可数名词)
noise声音(尤指噪音)(可数,不可数)
2.frustrate v.使失望;使沮丧;使厌烦
e.g. He hoped to set a new record, but(was frustrated)by bad weather.
他本希望能创造新记录,但因天气恶劣而未果.
The bad weather (frustrated) all our hopes of going out.
恶劣的天气使我们外出的希望落空.
Marry (was frustrated by) the failure of the English examination.
英语考试未及格使玛丽很失望.
frustrate使失望;使沮丧;使厌烦frustrated、frustrating是相应的形容词.
●frustrating adj 令人沮丧的;令人失望的(通常修饰事物)
All this is rather(frustrating).所有的这一切都很令人失望.
I found it(frustrating)that I can't speak other language.我不会说别的语言,感到惘然若失.
●frustrated a.感到灰心的,感到沮丧的 (通常修饰人)
e.g. I felt frustrated at that time. 那时我觉得很沮丧.
frustrated感到灰心的,感到沮丧的(通常修饰人)
frustrating令人沮丧的;令人失望的(通常修饰事物)
◆类似的还有:
interesting令人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的
disappointing令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的
boring 无聊的 bored 感到无聊的
exciting令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的
worrying 令人担心的 worried担心的;着急的
surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised惊奇的;惊讶的;诧异的
mbarrassing 令人困窘的 embarrassed窘的;尴尬的;局促不安的
3.impress v.使感动;给…深刻印象;使印象深刻
e.g. The visit to Shanghai(impressed)me a lot.上海之行给我留下了深刻印象.
My father impressed on me the(importance)of hard work.我父亲使我铭记勤勉的重要.
4.by 的用法◆by是介词,表示通过…方法或途径的意思,译成“靠,通过”,后面可加名词或名词短语.
e.g.The house was destroyed(by fire).房屋被火烧毁了.
travel(by air /land/sea).航空(陆路,航海)旅行
go(by train /boat/ bus)乘火车(船,公共汽车)去
shake sb.(by the hand)和某人握手
I study English(by watching English movies).我通过看英文电影学英语.
by后面加名词如:by fire、by air、by sea、by train、by bus或名词短语by the hand或动名词by watching
◆另外,by作为介词的意义有很多,我们也已经学过一些用法,总结如下:
(1)在…旁边,靠近 e.g.There is a power station by the river.河边有一个电厂.
(2)沿着,经由 e.g. come by the highway 由公路来
(3)由于 e.g. by mistake 由于差错
(4)被,由 e.g. some articles written by Lu Xun. 一些由鲁迅写的文章
(5)表示面积 e.g. a room 5m by 4m一间长五米、宽四米的房间
(6) 逐批 e.g. one by one 一个接一个
5.end up (doing sth) 终止(做某事),结束(做某事)
end up后面接动名词短语,相当于finish doing sth
finish doing sth表示结束做某事,事情已完成
e.g. When we practice speaking English,we often end up speaking in Chinese.
◆要注意它与stop doing sth 的区别:
stop doing sth指停止做某事,有可能是暂时的,不久还会继续下去.
e.g.We had to stop singing because somebody knocked at the door因为有人敲门,我们不得不停止唱歌.
◆另外,end up with…以…而告终,后面加名词或动名词
e.g. The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终.
6.fit in(with).(和…)相处融洽; 使适应;(与…)一致
e.g.The picture doesn't(fit)in here. 那幅画不适合挂这儿.
He doesn't(fit in)with their other friends.他和其他的朋友相处得不好.
We must(fit in)our plan with yours.我们必须使我们的计划和你们的一致.
Your ideas(fit in with)mine.你的想法和我的一致.
The house(fits in)beautifully(with)its surroundings.这房子和周围的环境十分谐调.
7.get excited 变得兴奋
get是系动词,get+ adj./过去分词, 有“(逐渐)变得…”的含义
e.g. get mad 生气get annoyed生气; 恼火
get lost 迷路get interested变得感兴趣
get worried 担心get married结婚
这些都是get加上形容词或加上过去分词,以过去分词形式的形容词.
get tired变得疲劳get old变老
get clear 变得清晰了get amazed 变得异常惊讶
The long journey got the children all tired.长途旅行使得孩子们疲惫不堪
注意get加上adj或以过去分词出现的形容词的含义.
二.重点句型1.He thinks(studying grammar)is a great way to learn a language.
他认为学习语法是一种学习语言的极好的方法.
studying grammar在这个句子当中是充当is a great way to learn a language的逻辑主语.
动名词即动词V-ing形式,相当于名词.在句子中可做主语,宾语,表语等.
(e.g.)I think that(doing lots of listening practice)is one of the secrets of learning.
doing lots of listening practice 是动名词短语,作从句中的主语.
listening做定语,修饰 practice
在宾语从句中doing lots of listening practice是主语,listening修饰 practice.
(2)I am enjoying(learning English).(动名词短语做宾语)
(3)(Seeing)is(believing).眼见为实.(seeing做主语,believing做表语)
2.I don't have a partner to(practice)English(with).我没有一个可以一起操练英语的搭档.
◆在英语中,很多介词放在句末时,都不可以省略,否则,句子结构不完整.又如:
I don't have a partner to practice English(with)这个with不能省,则句子结构不完整.
e.g.I don't have a friend to talk(with).句中with不能省.
I don't have a friend to tal kwith.我没有朋友可以聊天,可以交谈.
I want to find a room to live(in).我想找间房子住.这里的in不能省掉.
This is just the book I'm looking(for).这正是我找的那书本.
同样的for不能省掉.
所以大家要注意介词是不能随便省略的.
二.语法1.如何提建议◆提建议的有以下种种:
(What about)listening to cassettes?(What about…?)
You(should)read English aloud. (You should…)
Listening(can)help you. (can…)
(Why don't you)join an English language club to practice speaking.(Why don't you…?)
(Would you mind)remembering new words by flashcards?( Would you mind…?)
(Please try to)talk with your friends in English as much as possible.(Please try to…)
(Why not)go out with English-speaking friends. (Why not …)
(You'd better)practice English every day.(You'd better…)
常见的提建议的方法有:What about do sth?、Why not do sth、Why don't you do sth?、
You'd better do sth、Would you mind do sth?
2.By + V-ing 表示“方式、方法”
eg.He makes a living by fishing.他靠打鱼为生.
I improved my English by listening to pop songs.我通过听流行歌曲而提高我们的英语.
◆主意下面表示学习英语方法的目标句型:—How do you study English?
—I study English by listening cassettes.
by studying with a group.by watching English programs on TV.
by enjoying English songs.by taking part in English classes after school.
by getting an English tutor.by reading English magazines and newspaper.
by surfing the Internet.by making flashcards.
by reading the textbook.by asking the teacher for help.
by making vocabulary lists.by taking notes carefully.
by having the English class carefully.by finishing my homework seriously.
Unit 1 I used to beafraid of the dark.
【教学目标】(Talk aboutwhat youused to be likeandhow we've changed)
·谈论自己的过去及现在的变化
(Practise using thetarget language.)·练习使用本单元的目标英语
(Review the PastTense)·复习一般过去时
In this unit we willtalk about what weused to be like.Everyone has a lot ofold stories.
Every day we aregrowing up.And a lot of changeshave happened to us.
Therefore sometimeswe'd like to talkabout our past.
Through learning thisunit, we can talkmore about ourselvesin a proper way.
【单元内容概述】一、单词1.名词类:dark,spider,insect,mark,emotive,expression,code,kiss.
2.动词类:sure,terrify,seek,type,seal,indicate,comprehend,consist,describe.
3.形容词类:dark,on,bored,secret,4.副词类:right,mostly,sideways.
二、词组和短语(Key Phrases) 1.used to过去常常
2.be terrified of害怕…;恐惧…3.in the past fewyears在近几年
4.be made up of由…组成 5.sound like听起来像
6.go right home立刻回家7.can't stop doingsth.禁不住做某事
8.instead of代替,而不是9.make faces做鬼脸
10.consist of由…组成11.come from 来自于…
12.stand for代表,代替13.face to face面对面
14.such as例如15.worry about担心
16.on the swim team在游泳队17.play the piano弹钢
18.chat with和…聊天19.miss the old days怀念旧日子
20.these days最近21.take sb…to do sth花费某人(多长时间)做某事
三、交际用语1.A:Mario used to beshort.(used to…)B:Yes,he did.Now he's tall!
2.Girl:Hey,Steve!Overhere!Don't youremember me?Boy:Oh,wow!You're Paula,aren't you?
(反意疑问句)Girl:That's right.Boy:But you used tobe really quiet,didn't you?
(反意疑问句)Girl:Yeah.I wasn'tvery outgoing.
Boy:No,you weren't.But you were alwaysfriendly.Wait a minute!
Did you us to playthe piano?Girl:Yes,I did.But now I'm moreinterested in sports.
I play soccer andI'm on the swimmingteam.Boy:Wow!People surechange.
3.A:I used to eatcandy all the time,Did you?(简略式疑问句)
B:Yes,I did.I used tochew gum a lot.A:Did you?B:Yes,I did.
4.A:Did you used to be afraid of the darkB:Yes,I did.
A:Are you stillafraid of the dark?B:No,I'm not.How about you?
A:Me?Oh,yes!I'm terrified ofthe dark.B:So,what do you doabout it?
A:I go to sleep withmy bedroom light on.(with+O+OC)
【重、难点讲解】一、重点词汇
1.mostly adv.大多数地,大部分,主要的(=almost all,generally 几乎全部,大多)
e.g.I spend my freetime mostly watchingTV.我闲暇时大多在看电视.
There are only 7girls in our PE class,so the class ismostly boys.
在我们体育班仅有7个女孩,因此这个班大多数是男生.
2.right adv.立即;马上(=right away;at once)
right 在本单元用作副词,修饰动词.例如:Come right in.快进来.
I'll be right there.我马上到那里.He would come rightback.他会立即回来.
I'll come right down.我马上下来.I'll go right aftersupper.我吃完晚饭就马上走.
·注意:right用作副词时还有其他的含义.例如:You didn't spell theword right.(对,正确地)
This telephonedoesn't work right.(合适地,顺利地)
Go right on and youwill see the housein the corner.(一直地,直接地)
The bullet(子弹)went right throughhis arm.(完全地,彻底地)
3.used to 过去常常;以前常常(仅用于过去式)
“used to+ 动词原形”这一结构表示过去的习惯(过去经常反复发生的动作)或状态(现在已不复存在),
只有一种形式,即过去式,用于所有人称.否定形式为used not to.疑问式为Used you to…?Used he to…?等
例如:①I used to walkalong the road aftersupper.我过去常常在晚饭后沿这条马路散步.
②He used not to likePeking opera,but nowhe's very found of it他过去不喜欢京剧,但现在非常喜欢.
·注意:used to的读音,读作/'ju:stu/,而不读/'ju:zdtu/.
现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定式和疑问式常使用与do连用的形式.
例如:①I didn't usedto like skating,butnow I like it verymuch.
我过去不喜欢滑冰,但现在很喜欢.
②Did you use to livein Shanghai? 你过去住在上海吗?
③There used to be achurch here,didn'tthere?以前这里有一座教堂,是不是?
·另外,含有used to的句子的反意疑问句一般不用usedn't+主语(见上面例③).
又如:He used to livein Shanghai,didn't he? Yes, he did./No, he didn't.
4.be terrified of害怕(=be afraid of)be terrified of后面通常接名词或动名词.
例如:①I'm terrifiedofthe dark.(名词)
②The old lady wasterrified ofcrossing such a busystreet.(动名词)
二、重点句型1.I go to sleep withmy bedroom light on.
·with+O+OC即with后接宾语和宾语补足语,其中宾语补足语补充说明宾语的状况.
OC可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、不定式等.
①with+O+adj.eg.I like to sleepwith windows open.(形容词)
②with+O+adv.eg.Anderson waslying on the bedwith all his clotheson.(副词)
③with+O+介词短语eg.We sat on the dryglass with our backto the wall.
He was asleep withhis head on his arms.The teacher came inwith a book in hishand.
He said goodbye withtears in his eyes.Mr Brown is talkingwith Bob with hishands in his pocket.
④with+O+过去分词eg.All the afternoonhe worked with thedoor locked.
You cannot go out toplay with the workunfinished.
⑤with+O+现在分词eg.I won't be ableto go on holiday withmy mother being ill.
⑥with+O+不定式So in the afternoon,with nothing to do,I went on a round ofthe bookshops.
With five minutes togo before the lasttrain left,we arrivedat St.Pancras.
I can't go out withall these dishes towash
2.Before I startedhigh school, I usedto spend a lot oftime playing gameswith my friends,…
spend是动词,意思是“花费(钱,时间)”,或“度过”
下面是常用的两种结构:·sb.spend time(money)on sth.·sb.spend time(money)in doing sth.
e.g.①Every day Ispend two hours onhomework.
②Mary spent a lot ofmoney on her new car.③He will spend hisholidays traveling.
④He spent ninetyminutes in workingout the mathsproblems.
·注意上面①、④两个例句均可以用It takessb. some timeto do sth.结构来改写:
①It takes me twohours to do homework.every day.
④It took him ninetyminutes to work outthe maths problems
3.E-mail English isa new kind of Englishthat many people useto save time.
E-mail英语是一种新兴的英语,许多人用来节省时间.
that many people useto save time是定语从句,用来修饰先行词newkind of English
·注意:use to 与usedto的区别,二者后面都加动词原形,但意义大不相同.use to用来做某事
e.g.Many students usethe dictionary tolook up new words.许多学生用字典查找生词.
used to 过去常常e.g. She used to beafraid of dogs whenshe was young.她小的时候很怕狗.
save time节省时间save space节省空间save money攒钱
4.The first kind ismade up of the firstletters of otherwords.
These are calledacronyms.第一种是由单词的首字母组成,被称为首字母组合词.
·在这两个句子中,be made up of和arecalled都涉及到一个重要的语法现象——被动语态.
被动语态的结构:be+动词的过去分词.在英语中,有主动和被动两种语态.
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.试对比:
He wrote the letter.他写了信.说明:“写信”的动作由主语“他”发出的为主动语态.
The letter waswritten by him.那封信是他写的.
说明:主语“信”是动作“写”的承受者,是被动语态.
e.g.His bike has beenstolen.他的自行车被偷走了.
English is spoken allover the world.全世界都说英语.
·说明:关于被动语态的详细内容,将在第三单元讲解.
·be made up of=consist of二者可以互换.
例如:This is mad upof/consists of threedifferent parts.这是由三部分组成的.
Society is made up of/consists of peoplewith widely differingabilities.
社会是有各种个样不同能力的人组成.
5.Other acronyms areF2F which stands forface to face, CSL forcan't stop laughingand…
其他的首字母缩写词有F2F,代表face to face,CSL代表can't stoplaughing…
·which引导定语从句,修饰先行词F2F·stand for表示“代表…”,
e.g.USA. stands forUnited States ofAmerica.Our flag stand forour country.
6.For example,8 sounds like –eat in great,so to save time,people write gr8.
比如,8听起来象great中-eat的发音,因此为了节省时间,人们就写成了gr8(来代表great).
to save time为了节省时间,动词不定式做目的状语
7.It's not justbecause they can'tcomprehend what itmeans.
这不仅仅是因为他们不明白(短信)的含义.
what it means是宾语从句,做动词comprehend的宾语,意为“短信的意思是什么”
·what 经常用来引导宾语从句、表语从句、或主语从句.
例如:I don't carewhat she thinks.Let me see whatyou've chosen.
He began to thinkwhat about just whathe would do.Remember what we arehere for.
This is what I'mgoing to do.

1. be supposed to do .　应该　如：
We are supposed to stop smoking.我们应该停止吸烟。
　知识拓展　表示应该的词有：should, ought to ,be supposedto
2. shake hands　握手　　shake 本意是“摇动、震动”
3. You should have asked what...

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1. be supposed to do .　应该　如：
We are supposed to stop smoking.我们应该停止吸烟。
　知识拓展　表示应该的词有：should, ought to ,be supposedto
2. shake hands　握手　　shake 本意是“摇动、震动”
3. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.
你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should have asked”是
“情态动词＋现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做
如：She should have gone to Beijing.她本应该去了北京。（没有去）
4. be relaxed about sth.　对某事随意、不严格　如：
They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。
5. pretty adv. 相当,很＝veryShe is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。
adj. 美丽的 She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。
6. make plans to do == plan to do. 打算做某事　如：
She has made plans to go toBeijing.==She has planed to go to Beijing.
7. drop by 访问　看望　拜访　串门
We just dropped by our friends’homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。
8. on time 按时
9.after all 毕竟　终究　如：
You see I was right after all.你看，毕竟还是我对了。
10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事　如：
Lily invited me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。
11. without 没有
12. around the world == all over the world 全世界
13. pick up 捡起　挑选　如：He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。
14. start doing == start to do 开始做某事　如
He started reading.== He startedto read. 他开始读。
15. point at 指向　
16. stick v. 剌　截　　n. 棒，棍　
chopstick 筷子　是由chop(砍)＋stick(棒)合成，
通常用复数形式：chopsticks
17. go out of one’s way to do 特意，专门做某事　如：
He went out of his way to make mehappy. 他特意使我高兴。
18. make mistakes 犯错误（复数）make a mistake 犯错误（一个）
19. be different from 与…不同　　如：
Chinese food is different fromtheirs. 中国菜与他们的不同.
20. get/be used to sth. 习惯于…
get/be usedto doing　习惯于…
be used to do 　　被用于做…
be used for doing　被用于做…
used to do 过去常常做…　如：
I washclothes everyday. But I’m used to it.
我每天都洗衣服，但我习惯了
I am used towashing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。
The knives are used tocut things. 小刀被用来切东西。
The knives are used for cuttingthings. 小刀被用来切东西。
She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。
21. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。
I find it difficult to remembereverything.

形式宾语　　 真正宾语
常见的形式宾语有：
find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如：
I think it hard to study English.
22. cut up 切开　切碎　如：Let’s cut up the water melon.
让我们切开这个西瓜吧。
23. make a toast 敬酒
24. crowd v.挤满 其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是：crowded
25. set n. 一套 v. 设置
26. can’t stop doing 忍不住做某事　I can’t stop laughing. 我忍不住笑
27. make faces　做鬼脸　　
28.face to face 面对面
29. learn…by oneself 自学　如：
I learn English by my self. 我自学英语。

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