蚊子有哪些益处和害处用英语表达

蚊子有哪些益处和害处用英语表达
蚊子有哪些益处和害处用英语表达

蚊子有哪些益处和害处用英语表达
Elizabeth Wei Luote is the University of Arizona entomologist and environmental ethicist, I went to visit her and asked her a simple question: What are the benefits of mosquitoes to humans?
Dr. Wei Luote wrote an article about the ecological reconstruction, called the "reconstruction of nature, will be no mosquitoes it?"
In this article, she noted that wetlands in the redevelopment plan, people sometimes overlook the wetlands an inevitable result of the reconstruction --- more mosquitoes. The past, many wetlands have been drained for the construction of hotels, a motive is because people fear through the mosquito-borne diseases and death.
The general principles of ecology tell us removed from the ecosystem a species, often led to a chain reaction. Then the mosquitoes? When we get rid of mosquitoes, the collapse of everything will really do? Dr. Wei Luote replied, no, no, the web of life is not so fragile, "When you cut off a part will not be the web of life fall to pieces."
In fact, she said, there are a number of ecological studies have shown that removal of one species to entire ecosystems will not cause a big impact. A variety of mosquitoes and humans are closely linked, if the extinction of mosquitoes, it may have some disturbance on the ecological system, but "may not lead to any major disaster."
So, mosquitoes, after all, there are some benefits, is it? That depends on how you see, said Dr.. Used for on the intrinsic value and the value of philosophical arguments can become very complicated. Ask: a mosquito, a tree, or any other life, from the essentially utilitarian purposes other than human, is there of its own intrinsic value?
In air-conditioned comfort of the classroom, such discussions might be interesting; However, if the edge of the marsh at dusk, the discussion of this issue is unjustifiable. When our child may be infected with encephalitis, we will not hesitate to mosquitoes away from the Earth.
However, out of self-centered to think about the mosquitoes in maintaining the ecological balance of the system still has a certain effect. This value is not the species of its own intrinsic value, because the ecological balance would also be useful to mankind, but we need to look at this issue not so self-centered, a possible value of mosquitoes is population control might be. In the history of the mosquito population, which had led to worldwide reduction of mosquitoes is still to play in the third world is now such a role. The problem is they are through the dissemination of plague and death to achieve this purpose.
Mosquito-transmitted diseases to control through a number of other animal populations. There are a number of biological --- some fish, frogs, birds and bats, so as to mosquitoes for food. If we extermination of mosquitoes, then the number of related species may face food shortages in the plight of some species may be due to a decrease of infectious diseases is growing rapidly.
Another controversial mosquito value may be through the "destructive of human" isolation outside the effective protection of a number of wilderness areas. A way to make human and animal suffering from sleeping sickness tsetse flies to humans for some wildlife sanctuary terrified, afraid to close, this is known as the tsetse fly, "the best animal protection manager in Africa." Of course, this view has also been described as "eco-imperialism."
翻译
伊丽莎白·魏洛特是亚利桑那大学的昆虫学家和环境伦理学家,我去拜访她,问她一个简单的问题：蚊子对人类有什么好处?
魏洛特博士写过一篇有关生态重建的文章,名字叫“重建自然,可以没有蚊子吗?”
在这篇文章中她注意到,在重建湿地的计划中,人们有时会忽略了湿地重建的一个必然结果———更多的蚊子.过去很多湿地被排干用于建造宾馆,一个动机就是因为人们害怕通过蚊子传播的疾病和死亡.
生态学的一般原理告诉我们,从生态系统中去掉一个物种,往往会导致连锁反应.那么蚊子呢?当我们除掉蚊子时,一切真的会崩溃吗?魏洛特博士回答说,不,不会,生命之网并不是那么脆弱,“当你剪掉一环,生命之网不会就此散架”.
事实上,她说,目前有一些生态学的研究显示,去除一个物种对整个生态系统不会造成大的影响.各种蚊子与人类有着密切联系,如果灭绝蚊子,可能对生态系统有一些干扰,但“也许不会导致什么大灾难”.
那么,蚊子毕竟还是有一些益处的,是吗?那取决于你如何看,博士说.关于内在价值和器用价值的哲学争论可以变得非常复杂.试问：一只蚊子,一棵树,或者任何其他生命,从本质上来说,在人类的功利目的之外,有没有它自己固有的价值呢?
在有空调的舒适教室里,这种讨论可能是耐人寻味的；但是如果在沼泽边的黄昏里,讨论这个问题是不可理喻的.当我们的孩子可能感染脑炎时,我们会毫不犹豫地将蚊子从地球上赶走.
但是,跳出自我中心主义来思考一下,蚊子对保持生态系统的平衡还是有一定作用的.这种价值还不是物种自身的内在价值,因为生态平衡对人类也是有益的,只不过我们看这个问题时需要不那么以自我为中心,蚊子一种可能的价值也许正是控制人口.在历史上蚊子曾经导致世界范围内的人口减少,现在在第三世界蚊子仍然起到这样的作用.问题是它们通过传播瘟疫和死亡来达到这一目的.
蚊子也通过传播疾病来控制其他一些动物的种群数量.还有一些生物———一些鱼类、蛙类、鸟类和蝙蝠等,以蚊子为食.如果我们灭绝蚊子,那么一些相关物种可能面临食物短缺的困境,另一些物种则可能因为减少了传染病而数量暴增.
蚊子的另一种有争议的价值,可能是通过将“破坏性的人类”隔离在外而有效保护了一些荒野地带.一种能够使人畜患上昏睡病的采采蝇使人类对某些野生动物避难所望而生畏,不敢靠近,这种采采蝇因此被称为“非洲最好的动物保护管理者”.当然,这种观点也被人描述为“生态帝国主义”.

mosquito's advantage and disadvantage 蚊子的优点和缺点
mosquito's benefit and harm 蚊子的益处和害处