非谓语动词都有哪些句型?（+do,+to do,+doing)最好全一些,

非谓语动词都有哪些句型?（+do,+to do,+doing)最好全一些,
非谓语动词都有哪些句型?（+do,+to do,+doing)
最好全一些,

非谓语动词都有哪些句型?（+do,+to do,+doing)最好全一些,
动词不定式 to + V 一般用来表示目的或结果,或者某个具体的动作.
动名词 V-ing 一般用来表示动作的主动概念和进行意义.
过去分词 V-ed 一般用来表示动作的被动概念和完成意义.

（一）关于动词不定式的考点
考点一：直接接动词不定式做宾语的动词
这一类动词往往表示请求、要求、选择、决定、打算、企图等
afford, agree, aak, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, hate, help, hesitate, hinder, intend, learn, manage, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, refuse, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, want
He pledged never to come back until he had made great success.
I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. 我对花那么多钱买衣服犹豫不决.

考点二：在下列情况下常用不带（或省略）to的动词不定式：
1. 感官动词后面：feel, listen, hear, look at, notice, see, watch, observe, perceive
I saw a man enter the shop.

2. 表示使役意义的动词,如：have, let, make
The teacher has us write a composition every week.

3. 一些情态动词后面：had better, would rather…than…,would sooner…than…,rather than, may well do,may as well do (还是…好了),can not but…,can not help but…
Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi.
We might as well put up here for tonight.

4. 在do (did, does, done) nothing (anything, everything )but (except) do 句型中
I can do nothing but follow your advice.
如果but或except之前没有do,其后的to 不能省略.
There is no choice but to wait and see.

5. 由 all, what 引导的主语从句或者主语被only, first, one, least 或形容词最高级修饰时,而且从句中含有do时,其表语如果是动词不定式,则往往省去to.
What I have to do is take a rest.
The only thing I could do was do it myself.

6. 由并列连词and,except, but, than, or 连接两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定式时,第二个动词不定式不带to.
I’d like to stay with you, help you and learn from you.
She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.
To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 尝试而失败也比不尝试好.
注意：如果两个不定式表示对照或对比,则不能省略to.
He hasn’t decided weather to quit or to stay. 他还没有决定是去还是留.
To be or not to be, that is a question. 是生存还是死亡,这是一个问题.

考点三：有些动词后一般跟带“疑问词 + 动词不定式”作宾语,如：consider, discover, discuss, explain, guess, know, inquire, observe, show, teach, understand, wonder等.
I wonder who to invite. 我不知请谁.
Ask my brother where to put the car. 问一下我哥车停在哪儿.

（二）关于动名词的考点
考点一：直接接动名词做宾语的动词和词组
admit, avoid, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, feel like, finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, involve, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practise, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, stop, give up, can’t help, can’t stand, suggest
Forbid smoking on trains. 火车上禁止吸烟.
We have to postpone sending our answer to the request.
我们不得不暂缓寄出对申请书的答复.
注意：上述动词中 allow, advise, forbid, permit, recommend 在有人作宾语时,则后接不定式作宾语补足语.如：allow somebody to do something
I recommended going by subway. 我建议坐地铁去.
The doctor recommended me to take a few days’ rest. 医生劝我休息几天.

考点二：下列短语中to 为介词,后面只能接动名词或名词.
keep to
apply to
indifference to
look forward to
with an eye to

amount to
commit…to
be familiar to
stand up to
with regard to

take to
owe…to
be faithful to
put one’s mind to
with a view to

turn to
resign… to
be superior to
get down to
be opposed to

succeed to
attribute …to
be sensitive to
live up to
in relation to

admit to
dedicate …to
be devoted to
owing to
aid to

point to
limit to
be committed to
thanks to
object to

No woman could succeed to the throne. 妇女不能继承王位.
I am looking forward to seeing you again. 我盼着再见到你.

考点三：在demand, deserve, need, require, want, worth 等词后面接动名词表示被动的意思,即用主动形式表示被动意义.如果接不定式,必须用不定式的被动形式.
My socks want mending / to be mended.
This grammatical rule deserves mentioning.
That novel is well worth reading.

考点四：在下列it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句型中,用动名词作逻辑主语或逻辑宾语.
It is no use（no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time等名词）+ doing sth.
It is good (nice, interesting, useless等形容词) + doing sth.;
There is no point (use, sense, good等名词) + doing sth.
It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 后悔没有用.
It’s simply a waste of time and money seeing that movie.
There is no point in my going out to date someone. 现在让我出去和别人拍拖没有用.
I find it no good advising him to go with us. 我发现建议他和我们一起去没什么好处.

考点五：在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, pleasure, a difficult time) (in) doing sth.” 结构中, 后接动名词；但注意 take the trouble to do sth. , have no time to do sth. 后接不定式.
The teachers have had some problems deciding when they should return the final papers to the students.
I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.

考点六：下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词,但表示的意义不同.不定式一般表示事情尚未发生；而动名词则表示事情已经发生于这些动词之前.例如：
remember to do sth. 记得将要去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得已经做过某事
Please remember to take the medicine. （还没吃）
I remember taking the medicine. （已经吃过）

forget to do sth. 忘记了该做的事情
forget doing sth. 忘记了已经做过了的事情
I forgot to mail the letter. (没有发信)
I forgot mailing the letter. (忘记曾经发过信)

stop to do sth. 停止手中的事去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情
We stopped to have a rest.
I really must stop smoking.

go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事情
go on doing sth. 继续作正在做的事
The president welcomed the new students and then went on to explain the college regulations.
Peter went on sleeping despite the noise outside.

try to do sth. 努力,试图去做某事
try doing sth. 尝试,试着做某事
He tried to climb the tree, but he could not. 他试图爬树,可爬不上去.
She tried cooking the meat in wine instead of water.
她曾试验把肉用酒煮而不用水煮.

mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
I don’t mean to be rude, but could you stop smoking?
Jumping from job to job means losing some benefit.

regret to do sth. 对某事感到遗憾
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
I regret to tell you that you failed the test.
I regret lending him so much money. He never paid me back.

考点七：下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词,所表达的意义无太大的差别.考试中一般很少涉及到, 这些动词有：
begin, continue, commence, discontinue, attempt, intend, plan, decline, dislike, fear, hate, like, love, neglect, omit, can’t bear (stand, endure), prefer

（三）非谓语动词的其他考点
考点一：独立主格结构
分词的独立结构可放在句首或句尾,常常在句中作状语,可以表示时间、原因、条件,方式或伴随情况.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语是句子的主语.如果分词短语有自己的逻辑主语（一般为名词）,它便是分词的独立结构.该分词与其逻辑主语有着逻辑上的主谓关系,常常用逗号与主句隔开.如果逻辑主语与分词的关系是主谓关系,就用现在分词；如果是动宾关系就用过去分词.至于分词的时态则要看它与句子的谓语动词的关系,如果分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,则用完成式,即 having done 或 having been done.其他情况下,通常用分词的一般式.
分词的独立结构前也可以有with, without或there.with本身没有词义,there实际上是引导词,being后面的名词才是分词的逻辑主语.
Weather permitting, we’ll be going fishing tomorrow.
The students having finished reading the text, the teacher went on to ask them some questions.
All the money having been spent, we started looking for work.
With her hair beautifully done,the customer left the hair-dresser’s happily.
With night coming on, they went home. 天晚了,他们回家了.
He left home, without a single word said. 没说一句话,他就离开了家.
There being nothing to do, we played games. 没什么可做的,我们于是玩游戏.

考点二：非谓语动词三种表示被动的结构 （语法常考题）
to be done 不定式的被动态表示将来的动作
being done 用来表示动作的正在（被）进行或者表示原因、条件等
done (having been done) 表示动作的被动关系或过去完成状态
Are you going to attend the meeting to be held nest meeting?
The question being discussed is very important.
Did you attend the press conference held in Beijing last week?
All flights having been cancelled, they had to take the train.

考点三：分词短语的固定表达方式,通常作句子状语,一般不受句子主语的限制.如：
according to …(根据), judging from…（从……判断）, talking of …（谈到）,owing to …（由于）, taking everything into consideration …（全盘考虑）, allowing for…(考虑到…), leaving … on one side …(抛开……不谈), generally speaking (总的说来), frankly speaking (坦率地说), roughly speaking (粗略地说), honestly speaking (老实说), strictly speaking (严格地说), theoretically speaking (从理论上说)

非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。非谓语动词有三种：不定式（the Infinites）、动名词（the Gerunds）和分词（the Participles）。
1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：
They built a ga...

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非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。非谓语动词有三种：不定式（the Infinites）、动名词（the Gerunds）和分词（the Participles）。
1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
（2）都可以被状语修饰：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：
He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）
We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）
（4）都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）
We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）
We being League member, the work was well done.
（现在分词的逻辑主语）
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。
（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：
二、非谓语动词用法：
（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）
否定式：not + (to) do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，
例如：
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2．不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
（2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
（5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
①动宾关系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
He is the first to get here.
（6）作状语：
①表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right：To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调：
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
（7）作独立成分：
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
（9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
（二）动名词：
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
1．动名词的形式：
否定式：not + 动名词
（1）一般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
（2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
（3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
（4）完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
（5）否定式：not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2．动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
（2）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
（3）作宾语：
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
（4）作定语：
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？
（5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
（三）现在分词：
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式：
否定式：not + 现在分词
（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2．现在分词的句法功能：
（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
（2）现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
（3）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
（4）现在分词作状语：
①作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语，表示伴随：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分：
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。
（四）过去分词：
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能：
1．过去分词作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2．过去分词作表语：
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：
The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3．过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
4．过去分词作状语：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。

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