如何讲解初中地点和方向的介词

如何讲解初中地点和方向的介词
如何讲解初中地点和方向的介词

如何讲解初中地点和方向的介词
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday.
周一至周五你什么时间来都行.



The exam will start from 9:00am.
考试将从上午九点开始.



①
from“
从
……
（开始）
”
未必持续到现在,如：



from 1995 to 1998.
从
1995
年到
1998
年.



而
since
是指
“
自从
……
以来一直持续到现在
”



②
since
一般只与现在完成时连用,而
from
不受此限.



(2) since
表示
“
自从
……
以来（直到现在）
”



He has been away from home since 1973.
他自从
1973
年就离开了家乡.



We have known each other since ten years ago.
我们十年前就认识了.



for
与
since
表示一段时间,但
for
与时间段连用,而
since
与时间点连用.



如
for two hours
（持续）两小时；
since last week
自从上周直到现在



4
．
before, by, till, until



(1) before
指
“
在
……
之前
”



Please come before ten o’clock.
请
10
点以前来.



The meeting will end after 3:00 p.m.

会议将在下午三点后结束.



表示
“
在
……
以前
”
时,
before
与
by
基本可通用.但
by
还有
“
截至
……
为止
”
之意,此时
可与完成时连用,而
before
一般不与完成时连用.如：



How many models have you made by the end of last month?


截至上月底你做了多少个模型?



(2) by
指
“
不迟于,到
……
时为止,在
……
以前
”



I must finish my homework by lunch.
午饭前我必须做完作业.



We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.




到上学期末为止,我们已经学了
1000
多个单词了.



(3) tell (until) “
直到
……
为止
”



You must wait for him till tomorrow.
你必须一直等他到明天.



He didn’t come back until twelve o’clock last night.
他昨晚到
12
点才回来.



在肯定句中,
till (until)
必须与延续动词连用.若与点动词连用,
till (until)
只能用于否定
句中.



5
．
after,


in,


within



①
after
表示
“
在
……
之后
”
,是
before
的反义词.



We’ll hold a party after dinner.
晚餐后我们将举办晚会.



He got a cancer and died after a year.
他患了癌症,一年后去世了.



I’ll phone you after I arrive.
到达后我给你打电话.（
after
作连词）



②
within“
在
……
时间之内
”



I can finish it within an hour.
我不需一小时就可把它做完.



③
in“
在
……
时间之后
”



I’ll arrive in an hour.
我一小时后到达.



比

较



after
与
in


①
after
后可跟时间段,也可跟时间点,如
after school
（放学后）,



而
in
后必须跟一段时间,如
in an hour
（一小时后）.

②
after
既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时,而
in
只能用于将来时.



③
after
既可作介词,又可作连词,而
in
只能作介词



in
与
within
后都必须跟时间段.



（二）表示
“
地点、方向
”
的介词：



1
．
in
,
outside
,
between, among



①
in
表示
“
在
……
里面
”
,如：



What’s in the box?
盒子里是什么?



She put her book in the desk.
她把书放进了书桌.



②
outside
指
“
在
……
外面
”



There are many people outside the room.
房间外有很多人.



What did your see outside the hall?
你在大厅外看见了什么?



③
between
在
……
之间（指二者）



There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office.
在宾馆与邮局之间有所医院.



The building stands between the park and the small river.
那栋建筑位于公园和小河之间.






between
是指
“
在两者之间
”
,而
among
指
“
在多个之间
”
.



④
among
在
……
之间（指三者以上）



“There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd.



警察向人群喊道：
“
你们中间有个小偷!
”



He found his place among the crowd.
他在人群中找到了他的位置.



2
．
on, above, over, below, under



(1) on
在
……
上面,表面相互接触.



There is an apple on the table.
桌上有一个苹果.



On the top of the hill, there is a flag.
山顶有一面旗子.



(2) above
只表示
“
在
……
上方或位置高出
……”
,与
below
相对.



A plane flew above our heads.
一架飞机从我们头上飞过.



The Turners live above us.
特纳一家人住在我们的上面.



(3) over“
在
……
正上方
”
,与
under
相对.



There is a bridge over the river.
河上有一座桥.



The picture is hanging over the blackboard.
那张图挂在黑板的正上方.



(4) below
在
……
下方,低于
……



There are many flowers below the window.
窗下有很多花.



Her skirt reaches just below her knees.
她的裙子刚到膝盖下.



(5) under
在
……
正下方



They sat under a big tree, drinking.
他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒.



What are you wearing under your coat?
你外套里面穿了什么?



3
．
near, by, beside



(1) near
在
……
附近,与
far
相对



A hospital was built near the railway station.
在火车站附近建了一所医院.



My home is near the school.
我的家离学校很近.

(2) by = beside,
靠近,在
……
旁边,比
near
距离更近





He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.
在电影院他就坐在我旁边.



He lay down beside the statuary.
他在雕像旁躺下了.



4
．
in front of, behind, around



(1) in front of
在
……
前面



A river flows in front of the house.
房子前有一条河



They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door.
他们在门前放了一束花.









in the front of
表示
“
在
……
前部
”
,指里面.



There is a red chair in the front of the room.
在房间前半部有把红椅子.



(2) behind
在
……
后面



A high building stands behind the village.
村子后面有一高层建筑.



The cat lies behind the door.
猫躺在门后面.



(3) around
在
……
周围,围绕



There are many trees around the village.
村子周围有很多树围绕.



There are flowers around the stage.
舞台周围摆着鲜花.



5
．
from, to, for, into, out of



(1) from
从
……



The train started from Paris.
火车发自巴黎.



She will fly from Beijing to Hong Kong.
她将从北京飞往香港.



(2) to
到
……
（目的地）去,向
……



He went to Germany last year.
他去年去了德国.



They got to the town very late.
他们很晚才到那个镇.



(3) for
向
……
,表目的方向



He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.
他昨天出差去天津了.



The train for Shanghai has been away.
去往上海的火车已经开走了.



towards, to
和
for
都可表示
“
向
……”
,其区别如下：



①
towards
仅指朝向某个方向,不一定是目的地,而

to
和
for
都是
“
向目的地
”
.



②
for
作
“
向（目的地）
”
时,常用于固定搭配中,如：
leave for; start for


(4) into
进入



Please put the water into the bottle.
请把水倒入瓶子里.



The teacher came into the classroom with a smile.
老师微笑着走进了教室.



(5) out of
从
……
出来



A beautiful girl in red went out of the shop.
一个穿红衣服的漂亮女孩从商店里走了出来.



They pulled him out of the water.
他们把他从水里拉了出来.



6
．
along, across, through



(1) along
沿着



He likes to drive along the river.
他喜欢沿着河开车.



There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road / street.
沿街有着各种美丽的花.

(2) across
横穿

The little girl is afraid to go across the street.
这个小女孩不敢横穿马路.



It’s dangerous to run across the busy road.
跑着穿越繁忙的马路是很危险的.



(3) through
穿过



It
took
us
ten
minutes
to
drive
through
the
tunnel.
开车穿过这条隧道花了我们
10
分钟时
间.



He pushed his way through the crowd to the platform.
他从人群里挤到了站台.



7
．
at, in



二者都表示
“
在某个地方
”
,
但
at
多指较小的地方,
如车站、
家等,
而
in
多指在
“
大地方
”
,
如城市、国家、大洲等.（但大小有时也是相对的）.



He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.
他住在南京市中山路
27
号.



The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00.
飞机将于
13
点到达北京.


二、习题练习

1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning.





A. on; in
B. at; in
C. at; on
D. in; on
2. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000.




A. since
B. in
C. on
D. by
3. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______ the west of Hong Kong.




A. in; to
B. to; to
C. to; in
D. in; in
4. Japan lies ______ the east of China.




A. to
B. in
C. about
D. at
5
. I won’t believe
that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words ______ I have tested
him myself.




A. after
B. when
C. if
D. until
6. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours ______ he realized it.




A. when
B. until
C. after
D. before
7. Look
＿＿＿

the map
＿＿＿

China
＿＿＿

the wall, please.


A after, of, in



B

at, of, in


C after, in, on




D at, of, on


8. - Please remember to come to my birthday party.


- I see. I'll come
＿＿＿

Saturday evening.


A in




B at




C on





D for
9. They will have a maths test
＿＿＿

two days






A for



B at




C in






D after
10. My brother joined the army
＿＿＿







A 1989
,

March





B in March
,

1989

C March
,

1989





D 1989
,

in March


11.We had our breakfast
＿＿＿

a quarter
＿＿＿

seven






A

/
,

to




B in
,

to





C at
,

to




D on
,

to
12. It's good manners to wait
＿＿＿

line






A in






B on






C at







D with
13. How many English words had you learnt
＿＿＿

last term?


A by the end of



B at the end of



C to the end of




D till the end of


14. I was born
＿＿＿

the night
＿＿＿

September 15
,

1978










A in
,

on


Bat
,

on


Cat
,

in



Don
,

of


15. It's a bad manner to laugh
＿＿＿

people when they are
＿＿＿

trouble






A over
,

in


Bat
,

in


C in
,

at


D at
,

for
16. The people's Republic of China was founded
＿＿＿

1949






A with





B on








C since






D in
17. He arrived _____ Guangzhou ____ noon.





A. in; in


B. to; at


C. in; at


D. at; in
18. They work _____ a small farm _____ a river.





A. on; by


B. at; on


C. by; on


D. in; in
19. --When will Mr Black come to Beijing?



-- ____ September 5
th
.





A. On


B. To


C. At


D. In
20
.
____
the
night
before
Christmas
Day,
parents
fill
their
children’s
stockings
with
small
presents.


A. Of


B. At


C. To


D. On

参考答案


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