英语翻译“文艺复兴”一词,原意系指“希腊、罗马古典文化的再生”.但是,当时西欧各国新兴资产阶级的文化革命运动包括一系列重大的历史事件,其中主要的是：“人文主义”的兴起；对经

英语翻译“文艺复兴”一词,原意系指“希腊、罗马古典文化的再生”.但是,当时西欧各国新兴资产阶级的文化革命运动包括一系列重大的历史事件,其中主要的是：“人文主义”的兴起；对经
英语翻译
“文艺复兴”一词,原意系指“希腊、罗马古典文化的再生”.但是,当时西欧各国新兴资产阶级的文化革命运动包括一系列重大的历史事件,其中主要的是：“人文主义”的兴起；对经院哲学和僧侣主义的否定；艺术风格的更新；方言文学的产生；空想社会主义的出现；近代自然科学的开始发展；印刷术的应用和科学文化知识的传播等等.这一系列的重大事件,与其说是“古典文化的再生”,不如说是“近代文化的开端”；与其说是“复兴”,不如说是“创新”.“文艺复兴”在人类文明发展史上标志着一个伟大的转折.它是新文化,是当时社会的新政治、新经济的反映,是新兴的资产阶级在思想和文化领域里的反封建斗争.
恩格斯曾高度评价“文艺复兴”在历史上的进步作用.他写道：“这是一次人类从来没有经历过的最伟大的、进步的变革,是一个需要巨人而且产生了巨人——在思维能力、热情和性格方面,在多才多艺和学识渊博方面的巨人的时代.”（注：《马克思恩格斯选集》第三卷第445页.）
如果说地理大发现是人类向未知的物质世界进军的话,那么文艺复兴则是人类向未知的精神世界的进军,是在精神世界中进行的探索.这个探索在文学、艺术、政治思想及自然科学领域内创造了丰硕的成果.文艺复兴的重大历史意义在于它促使欧洲人从以神为中心过渡到以人为中心,在于人的觉醒,在于人们把重点从来世转移到现世.它唤醒了人们积极进取的精神、创造精神以及科学实验的精神,从而在精神方面为资本主义制度的胜利和确立开辟了道路.文艺复兴在欧洲历史发展中占有重要地位.
首先是人的发现.与中世纪对比,文艺复兴在意识形态领域内带来了一系列巨大的变化.最突出的变化是关于人价值观念的转变.在中世纪,理想的人应该是自卑、消极、无所作为的,人在世界上的意义不足称道.文艺复兴发现了人和人的伟大,肯定了人的价值和创造力,提出人要获得解放,个性应该自由.重视人的价值,要求发挥人的聪明才智及创造性潜力,反对消极的无所作为的人生态度,提倡积极冒险精神.重视现世生活,藐视关于来世或天堂的虚无飘渺的神话,因而追求物质幸福及肉欲上的满足,反对宗教禁欲主义.在文学艺术上要求表达人的感情,反对虚伪和矫揉造作.如：彼特拉克的《歌集》,薄伽丘的《十日谈》.重视科学实验,反对先验论；强调运用人的理智,反对盲从；要求发展个性,反对禁锢人性；在道德观念上要求放纵,反对自我克制；提倡“公民道德”,认为事业成功及发家致富就是道德行为.提倡乐观主义的人生态度.这种不可抑制的求知欲和追根究底的探求精神,对一切事物都要研究个究竟,决不满足于一知半解的精神,为创造现世的幸福而奋斗的乐观进取精神,把人们从中世纪基督教神学的桎梏下解放出来,资产阶级正是在这种精神的指引下创造近代资本主义世界的.1500年前后的地理大发现,就是这种人文主义精神的外在表现.意大利是文艺复兴的发源地,而“地理大发现”的主角哥伦布和卡波特都是意大利人.他们都是在人文主义精神的鼓舞下参加地理探险事业的.哥伦布不顾艰难险阻,投身于充满危险,艰苦的探险事业,就说明他富于乐观进取和积极冒险的精神.趋使他远渡重洋,翻水越浪的动力,是寻找黄金的强烈欲望,也是为了追求现世幸福的渴望.向西寻找去东方的航路,是建立在地球是圆形的科学信念上的,也说明他坚信科学实验的精神及探求精神.可以说“地理大发现”是文艺复兴运动的副产品.当然促成地理大发现还有一系列其它因素及条件,但是地理大发现与文艺复兴的时代精神相吻合,是毫无疑义的.

英语翻译“文艺复兴”一词,原意系指“希腊、罗马古典文化的再生”.但是,当时西欧各国新兴资产阶级的文化革命运动包括一系列重大的历史事件,其中主要的是：“人文主义”的兴起；对经
"Renaissance",means the original intention of "Greece,Rome,the classical culture of regeneration." However,when Western European countries emerging bourgeois cultural revolution movement,including a series of major historical events,of which the main is:"humanism" the rise; Scholasticism and the monks of the negative; artistic style of updating the selection of literary dialect ; The emergence of utopian socialism; modern science began to develop; printing applications and the dissemination of scientific and cultural knowledge,and so on.This series of events,is more "classical culture of renewable",as said to be "the beginning of modern culture" rather than "rejuvenation" rather than "innovation." "Renaissance" in the history of the development of human civilization marked a great turning point.It is a new culture,is the new political society,a reflection of the new economy is emerging bourgeoisie in the ideological and cultural fields,anti-feudal struggle.
Engels once spoke highly of the "Renaissance" in the history of the role of progress.He wrote:"This is a human has never experienced the greatest and progressive change,the need is a giant and had a giant - in thinking ability,passion and character,versatile and knowledgeable in the giant Times."(Note:" Selected Works of Marx and Engels "Volume III of the 445.)
If we say that the discovery of human geography to the material world into the unknown,then Renaissance is human to the spiritual world into the unknown,in the spiritual world in the exploration.This exploration in literature,art,political and ideological fields of natural sciences and created a great success.Renaissance of great historical significance is that it prompted the Europeans to God as the center from the transition to a people-centred,is the awakening,the people the world has never been the focus shifted to this world.It awakened people to entrepreneurial spirit,creative spirit and the spirit of scientific experiments,in the spirit of respect for the victory of the capitalist system and opened the way to establish.Renaissance in Europe in the historical development occupies an important position.
The first is the discovery.Comparison with the Middle Ages,the Renaissance in the ideological field has brought a series of dramatic changes.The most prominent change is on people's values change.In the Middle Ages,the ideal person should be inferior,passive,doing nothing,people in the world,the significance of less than commendable.Renaissance discovered and the great people,affirmed the human values and creativity,put people to the liberation,individuality should be free.Attention to human values,called upon to play the wisdom and creative potential,the inaction against the negative attitude towards life,to promote a positive spirit of adventure.Attention to worldly life,contempt for the afterlife or heaven Xuwupiaomiao the myth,and thus the pursuit of material well-being of the Rouyu meet and oppose the religious abstinence.In literature and art were asked to express the feelings against the hypocritical and artificial.Such as:Peter Clark's "Geji," Boccaccio's "Decameron." Pay attention to scientific experiments,against the Apriorism; stressed that the use of reason,against the blind obedience to require the development of personality,against the detention of human nature in the moral concepts require indulgence,against the self-restraint; promote "civic virtue" that the cause of success and prosperity is the ethical conduct Fajia .Promote optimism attitude towards life.This can not curb the thirst for knowledge and Zhuigenjiudi explore the spirit of all things to study Gejiu Jing,and never satisfied with little knowledge of the spirit,to create this world fighting for the well-being optimistic and enterprising spirit of the people from the medieval Christian theology The liberation of the shackles,the bourgeoisie is in this spirit under the guidance of the creation of the modern capitalist world.Before and after 1500 the geographical discovery,is that the spirit of humanism external performance.Italy is the birthplace of the Renaissance,and "geographical discovery," the protagonist of Columbus and Capote are Italians.They are all in the spirit of humanism inspired by the explorers to participate in the cause of geography.Columbus despite difficulties and obstacles,engaged in dangerous and difficult undertaking adventure,full of optimism that his aggressive and positive spirit of adventure.He Yuanduzhongyang trend,the more water over the wave of momentum,is the strong desire to find gold,but also in the pursuit of happiness in this world desire.West to find the route to the east,is built on the earth is round the scientific and convictions,also shows that he is convinced that the spirit of scientific experiments and explore the spirit.It can be said that "geographic discovery" is a by-product of the Renaissance Movement.Of course,that there are large geographical contributed a range of other factors and conditions,but the geographical discoveries and the Renaissance spirit of the times match,is indisputable.