帮忙找一下相关主题的英文文章explain the process of investing money in the stock market帮忙找一下这个话题的英文短文/文章!今天中午前啊!

帮忙找一下相关主题的英文文章explain the process of investing money in the stock market帮忙找一下这个话题的英文短文/文章!今天中午前啊!
帮忙找一下相关主题的英文文章
explain the process of investing money in the stock market
帮忙找一下这个话题的英文短文/文章!
今天中午前啊!

帮忙找一下相关主题的英文文章explain the process of investing money in the stock market帮忙找一下这个话题的英文短文/文章!今天中午前啊!
Defined Fund Investment Plan
☆ Introduction
A service for investor to buy a fixed sum of fund product that ICBC represents at regular intervals within a certain investment period,or simply speaking,a kind of finance service similar to Club Deposit.Starting from the second day after signing up the service,ICBC system automatically make deduction on the first day of each month based on the amount and investment years you stated.Deduction will be continued on the next day if the balance in the account is not enough.Minimum investment for monthly deduction is RMB 200.Procedure for trading hours,charges,purchase price and redemption of fund are the same as fund purchase.
Defined Fund Investment Plan has the following advantages:
1.To minimize risk through reducing investment cost over time by dollar-cost averaging.
For a single investment,the plan is as a mid/long-term investment.Every month a fixed deduction is made regardless of market movements.The investor needs not to worry about selecting the right time.Investment cost is reduced by the technique of long-term averaging.Fewer shares acquired when fund's NAV goes up and more acquired when NAV goes down.In this way,investment cost and risk is naturally shared over time.

Many different kinds of people buy shares of stock in the stock market. People who buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways. They may begin to make money right away. Suppose that a ...

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Many different kinds of people buy shares of stock in the stock market. People who buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways. They may begin to make money right away. Suppose that a person invests in a company, and the company makes money. The company shares this money with the investor. This money that is shared is called a dividend. Dividends are usually sent to investors once every three months while they own the stock. A second way that investors may make money is to sell the stock at a higher price than the price they paid when they bought it. The price of each share of stock goes up if the company does very well. It may also go up for many other reasons. But when it does go up, a person may sell it and make a profit.
Here is an example of how this process works. Mr. and Mrs. Smith want to invest in the stock market. They have $1000 to invest. They talk to a person who can help them to buy a good stock. This person is called a stockbroker. The broker is licensed to buy and sell stock on the stock market. The broker tells Mr. and Mrs. Smith about the Ward Pencil Company. This company is making a lot of money by manufacturing pencils. It is selling shares of stock in order that it can get money to expand. The shares cost $5 each. The Smiths decide to buy 100 shares of stock in the Ward Pencil Company. The broker fills this order, and the Smiths own these 100 shares. In three months, the Ward Pencil Company issues a dividend of $1 per share. The Smiths have 100 shares, so they get a $100 dividend. In one year, the company expands. The company sells many more pencils. The price of the stock goes up to $6 for each share. Mr. and Mrs. Smith decide to sell their stock in the Ward Pencil Company at $6 a share. They get back $600, plus all of the money they have received in dividends. This is a very good investment.
The process of investing money in the stock market is somewhat more complex than this. But for everyone who wants to invest money in the market, the process is basically the same. Almost all stock markets work the same way. In each country, of course, there are special laws for the stock market, to make sure that everyone has a fair chance to make money by investing.
Investing money in the stock market is a gamble. Everyone hopes to make money by investing. Companies that need money are glad that many people are willing to gamble in order to make money. The stock market is a very interesting and complex part of the business world.

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Beginner Investing: Stock Market Investing for Dummies
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/beginner-stock-market-investing-dummies.html
Investing Basics
http://www.fool.com/school/basics/basics03.htm
这个问题去翻一下投资学的书，里面有的

Having assessed your current circumstances and specified your investment goals, the next step is to decide what investments will give you the best chance of achieving those goals.
There are litera...

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Having assessed your current circumstances and specified your investment goals, the next step is to decide what investments will give you the best chance of achieving those goals.
There are literally thousands of different investments available. It can be overwhelming to be faced with so many options to choose from. The key to being a successful investor is never to lose sight of the reason you are investing, and to look for investments that meet your investment criteria.
In this section of the booklet, we will consider the characteristics of each asset class, and what it offers you. We will also explain how you can go about investing in each class.
ASSET CLASSES
An ‘asset class’ is a group or type of investment. The four basic asset classes are:
Cash - short term investments where your money is held in an interest-bearing account.
Shares (also known as equity securities) - you share ownership, usually in a listed company.
Fixed interest (also known as debt securities) - your money is loaned out to someone else and you earn a fixed or floating rate of interest.
Property - investment in residential, commercial or industrial property, or land development.

MARKETS
A market is where you can buy or sell your investments. A market brings together buyers and sellers of financial products. Another way of describing it is that financial markets enable the flow of capital from those who have money to invest to those who need money. The buyers of financial products are the investors, in other words you!
Another important participant in financial markets is the ‘intermediary’. You can think of the intermediary as a middleman. As an investor, very often you will not deal directly with the supplier of the product you are investing in, but with an intermediary who brings buyers and sellers together. For example, when you buy shares on the stock market, you don’t deal directly with the person who sells the shares to you – the trade is handled for you by a stock broker.
Similarly, banks act as intermediaries when they take deposits from those who have money to save, and then lend the money from the deposits to those who need to borrow money. Without intermediaries borrowers would have difficulty finding lenders.
Intermediaries include banks, financial institutions, such as superannuation funds and insurance companies, and brokers.
Now let’s take a look at some different types of investments.

COMMON TYPES OF INVESTMENTS
CASH
Cash is the simplest investment of all. When we talk about cash in this context, we are of course not referring to actual bank notes. Cash investments refer to money held in liquid form, able to be accessed at very short notice. For example, cash can include bank savings accounts, term deposits and cash management trusts (CMTs).
You are probably familiar with the everyday savings account. The returns are generally lower than from other investments, but the risk involved is low, due to the stringent criteria applied to banks by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA).
While not strictly speaking cash, short term deposits can be considered in this asset class. A term deposit will give you a higher return than a savings account, for a fixed period of time. The rate of interest varies according to the term. Generally, the longer you invest your money for, the higher the rate of interest you will earn. You need to remember, however, that your money is locked away for the duration of the term. If you need to access your money early, there may be a ‘break fee’.
CMTs are a popular short term interest-bearing investment. They offer indirect access to the money market by pooling the funds of individual investors and investing them in money market securities. They are generally regarded as low risk because of the type of instruments the CMT invests in – highly rated issues from issuers such as banks and state governments.
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Banks and other financial institutions usually have their current term deposit interest rates advertised. Rates can fluctuate daily, so keep an eye out for times when the rates appear to be rising, because you may be able to take advantage of a good rate for a relatively short term investment.
MONEY MARKET
The money market is the professional market for short term debt instruments maturing in one year or less. These securities include treasury notes, bank bills and promissory notes.
The overnight rate or ‘cash rate’ is the price paid for funds placed on the market overnight.
The 90-day bank bill rate indicates the expected rate over the following 90 days. The money market is a wholesale market. Its major participants include the Reserve Bank of Australia, banks, superannuation funds, insurance companies, investment trusts and large corporates
SHARES (ALSO KNOWN AS EQUITY SECURITIES)
A security can be thought of as an instrument that has financial value, and that can be transferred from one party to another.
An ‘equity security’ or ‘share’ signifies that you own something. For example, when you buy a share in a company, you become a part owner of the company. If the company does well, hopefully its share price will rise, and your investment will increase in value. The company will be seen as attractive by investors, who will therefore be prepared to pay more to own a part of it.
Share owners often also get the benefit of an income from holding shares, known as a ‘dividend’. Dividends are usually paid twice a year and are paid out of the company’s earnings. Dividends are income and so are subject to income tax. Investors get a credit for the tax already paid by the company on its earnings, which can be used to offset other tax payable by the investor.
But not all shares pay dividends. The payment of a dividend is at the discretion of the company’s directors. If the company is performing poorly, the amount of the dividend may be reduced, or the payment of dividends may be suspended.
As a share owner, you have both the benefits and the risks of ownership. If the business does well, you will benefit from an increase in the value of your investment, and possibly some income along the way. If the company performs poorly, your investment may well decrease in value. In the very worst case, the company may go out of business, leaving you with a worthless investment.
TIP
There is a level of risk and reward to an investment in any company. With so many to choose from, it is important to match your choice to your own circumstances and the investment goals you have set for yourself. If you are new to the stock market, it is probably worth finding a financial adviser who can help you with your investment plan.

EQUITY MARKET
The main equity market (also known as a ‘stock market’) in Australia is the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX). There are many stock markets around the world.
If a company has its shares listed on ASX, it is referred to as a listed, or public, company.
When a company first lists on ASX, it issues new shares to investors. The company then uses the capital it raises from investors to fund its ongoing operations, or for expansion or acquisition purposes. From time to time, companies that are already listed may issue new shares to raise further capital.
If you buy shares in these circumstances, you are buying on what is known as the ‘primary market’. In other words you are subscribing for shares directly from the issuer of the shares, the company itself (though the sale process is usually handled by an intermediary such as a stock broker).
A company float, or initial public offering (IPO), is an example of a primary market issue. A company that is raising funds will generally publish an offer document, the most common of these being a prospectus. You should read the prospectus to help you to make an informed investment decision.
Once the company’s shares are listed, trading of the shares takes place in the ‘secondary market’. This is generally what is meant by the ‘stock market’. Every day, millions of shares are traded on ASX. In this case, an investor is buying the shares from another investor and the proceeds of the trade go not to the company, but to the investor selling the shares.


When you buy or sell shares, you receive a contract note containing the details of your trade, including the number of shares you traded, the share price, and the brokerage charged. You also receive a statement called a CHESS statement. A CHESS statement is like a bank statement for your shares, indicating the number of shares you hold and any recent transactions you have made.
As an investor, you can’t directly buy or sell shares on ASX. You must trade through an ASX Participant, more commonly known as a ‘stock broker’. Brokers charge you a fee for their services, usually in the form of a commission (brokerage) on trades they execute for you. The commission rate varies according to whether the broker gives you advice, or simply executes the transaction for you.
You may give your stock broker instructions over the phone, or alternatively place orders over the Internet without ever speaking to an adviser.
For more information on the stock market and tips on selecting a stock broker, go to www.asx.com.au.
Did you know?
There is a wide range of companies listed on ASX, from household-name companies that provide the goods and services used by almost all Australians, to small, little-known companies that are just starting as a listed company. Some of these may do well, others may not.
Investment in fixed interest securities is very different from an investment in equity securities. A share owner shares in the fortunes of the company, and there is the risk that company earnings and therefore returns to shareholders may fluctuate. The return you make from a fixed interest security is predetermined. You don’t receive more if the debt issuer performs very well, but neither do you suffer if the issuer performs poorly (unless the issuer performs so poorly that they default on their loan obligations).
The debt issuer gives the investor a certificate, or bond, as proof of the loan. Interest on bonds is usually paid every six months (‘semi-annually’). The main types of bonds are corporate bonds, issued by companies, or treasury bonds, issued by governments.
The rate of interest paid depends largely on the credit rating of the issuer. Treasury bonds offer the lowest rate of interest, because they are seen as having the least risk. Corporate bonds offer a higher rate of interest, because there is a greater chance that the company could default on their loan obligations.
Another debt security is a ‘floating rate note’ (FRN). FRNs are similar to bonds, but they offer a variable interest rate, rather than a fixed interest rate.
‘Debentures’ are another form of debt security. It is important to understand that not all debentures are the same. Debentures are not secured by a physical asset or collateral, and are generally backed only by the creditworthiness and reputation of the issuer.
Other structured debt securities include collateralised debt obligations (CDOs), convertible notes and hybrid debt securities.


INTEREST RATE MARKET
The interest rate market consists of the money market and the fixed interest market. The fixed interest market is the market where interest rate securities with a maturity date over one year are traded. These securities include Commonwealth Government bonds, corporate bonds, FRNs and certificates of deposit.
Like the money market, the fixed interest market is a wholesale market, with participants including banks, superannuation funds, insurance companies and large corporates. To invest in fixed interest securities, you are likely to put your money in a product offered by an issuer. For example, many managed funds include a percentage of fixed interest securities. The percentage of the investment held in fixed interest securities will depend on the investment option selected by the investor.

WHO SETS THE INTEREST RATES?
The primary influence on the level of interest rates in Australia is the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). The RBA is Australia’s central bank. It implements monetary policy with the aim of maintaining inflation within a target range. It does this by setting the overnight ‘cash rate’ at a level it considers appropriate. For example, if the RBA thinks that inflation is likely to rise, it acts to tighten monetary policy by restricting the supply of money and increasing the cash rate.
If the RBA wants to stimulate economic activity, it will ease monetary policy by increasing the supply of money and reducing the cash rate. The cash rate flows through to the lending and borrowing rates set by banks. For more information on the RBA, monetary policy and the cash rate, go to www.rba.gov.au.
REMEMBER: As interest rates rise, the price of a debt security or bond falls. As interest rates fall, the price of a debt security or bond rises.
Did you know?
Because institutional investors very often refuse to lend to borrowers rated below investment grade, such borrowers must offer a rate of return higher than the ‘cash rate’ or rate of return of investment grade debt securities in order to attract funds from other investors. These investments can be rewarding if everything goes smoothly, but there is the risk that investors may lose everything if the company or project fails.
TIP
Some bonds or notes can be traded on the secondary market, just like shares. But, if you trade them you will make either a capital gain or a capital loss, depending on what you paid for them in the first place. Exchange traded bonds or notes are affected by the same factors that influence bonds and notes, including changes in interest rates, yield spreads and yield curves and can reduce in value because the ‘credit rating’ changes.



TIP
Investors in listed property or real estate trusts gain an exposure to both the value of the real estate the trust owns and the regular rental income generated from the properties. Indirect property investment gives you the many advantages of property ownership without having to find the property or manage the property yourself. The fund manager selects the investment properties and is responsible for all maintenance, administration, rentals and improvements. Most property trust managers include properties across a diversity of geographic regions, lease lengths, and tenant types. Indirect property investment makes it easier for the average investor to get the benefits of diversification.

PROPERTY
Property generally falls into one of the following categories:
Residential property – the type of property most of us are familiar with, a place lived in by owners or tenants.
Commercial property – property inte