双宾语和宾语补足语的区别?

来源:学生作业帮助网 编辑:六六作业网 时间:2024/12/18 16:02:09
双宾语和宾语补足语的区别?双宾语和宾语补足语的区别?双宾语和宾语补足语的区别?英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语".句子结构为:"主语+及物动

双宾语和宾语补足语的区别?
双宾语和宾语补足语的区别?

双宾语和宾语补足语的区别?
英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语".句子结构为:"主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语".如:
My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑.
用来说明宾语的部分叫做宾语补足语.什么时候会出现宾语补足语呢?当一个句子有了(主+谓+宾)后,句意仍不清楚,这时补充一部分,
双宾语就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示的行为的人.例如:They gave him a watch.这里的him 是间接宾语,a watch 是直接宾语,这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语.在英语中,
有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整,还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作,这种“宾语+宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语.We call him Jack .我们叫他杰克.这里him 是宾语,Jack 是宾语补足语 They appointed him chairman.他们任命他为主席.这里的him是宾语,chairman 是宾语补足语.
(1)从动词上区分.
一些动词后面常跟双宾语,这类动词有give,show,bring,read,pass,lend,tell,leave,teach,write,buy,sing等.例如:
The teacher gives each of them an eraser.老师给他们每人一块橡皮.
They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我们汉语,我们教他们英语.
The old man told us a story yesterday.那位老人昨天给我们讲了一个故事.
一些动词后面常跟复合宾语,这类动词有let,see,watch,hear,help,feel,keep,call,make,find,tell,ask,think,want等.例如:
We must keep the classroom clean.我们必须保持教室清洁.
He didn’t let me go.他不让我走.
They call the bird“Polly”.他们叫这鸟“波利”.
(2)从充当这两个成分的词的词性上来区分.
在双宾语中,能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词.而在复合宾语中,能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多,如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)和分词(短语).例如:
She showed us(pron.)a new TV set(n.).(双宾语)
He gave Tom(n.) a piece of paper(n.).(双宾语)
We call him Lao Li(n.).(复合宾语)
Don’t keep the light on(adv.).(复合宾语)
They must keep their hands behind their backs(介词短语).(复合宾语)
I won’t let you try again(不定式短语).(复合宾语)
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed(过去分词).(复合宾语)
(3)从构成宾语的间接宾语和直接宾语之间与构成复合宾语的宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系上区分.
在双宾语中,两个宾语间的关系比较松散,有的句子去掉其中一个宾语,句子仍然成立.双宾语一般表示“为谁(forsb.)或给谁(to sb.)……”,即“及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词+直接宾语+for sb.或to sb.”的结构.例如:
Please show me your new book.→Please show yournew book to me.请给我看看你的新书.
She bought me some tomatoes.→She bought sometomatoes for me.她给我买了一些西红柿.
宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密,去掉其中一个成分,句子就不能成立或句意不完整.而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”;当不定式(短语)或分词(短语)作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”.例如:
We made Tom monitor.(Tom is monitor.)
We will make our country more beautiful.(Our countrywill be more beautiful.)
You should keep your dog in.(Your dog should be in.)
I found him in Room 201.(He was in Room 201.)
He makes us work ten hours a day.(We work ten hoursa day.)
we heard her singing in the room.(She was singing inthe room.)