同位语从句用法结构及如何辨认

同位语从句用法结构及如何辨认
同位语从句用法结构及如何辨认

同位语从句用法结构及如何辨认
同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系是同位关系,即主表关系.1.名词作同位语
Mr Wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们.2.短语作同位语
I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其他孩子.3.直接引语作同位语
But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?” 4.句子作同位语
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊.同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定" 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息.
同位语从句二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words（消息）,possibility等.I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who.连接副词how,when,where等.（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句.） He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题.四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开.The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了.同位语从句在句中的位置 1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容.I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午可能不能来看你了.2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句.
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上.二、同位语从句前名词的形式
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰.Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来?三、同位语从句的语气
同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词,常见的有：idea,situation thought,fact,evidence,belief,doubt,fear,hope,question,theory,news,order,ability等等.How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him?皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣,对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词.这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语,同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词.I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸亏你,我现在还活着.有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语.一般认为,这种it后的that 从句应看作it的同位语,因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构.You must see to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it,and It is that the children don't catch cold.)你要当心,别让孩子们着凉了.同位语从句与定语从句的语法区别：1．意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴.(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句) We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴.(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句) 2.引导词的不同
what,how,whatever 等可引导同位语从句,但不引导定语从句.3.引导词的功能上的不同
that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语.如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语.4.被修饰词语的区别
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope,wish,idea,news,fact,promise,opinion,suggestion,truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛.另外,when和where 引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：I have no idea when they will come .我不知道他们什么时候来.(定语从句）