英语翻译【特殊词汇有困难请标出来空着,词汇学语言学的一个分支,研究、分析语言词项及词义和词汇系统.词汇学是研究词的学问.但是只研究某一两个词,还不能够叫做词汇学.词汇学研究语

英语翻译【特殊词汇有困难请标出来空着,词汇学语言学的一个分支,研究、分析语言词项及词义和词汇系统.词汇学是研究词的学问.但是只研究某一两个词,还不能够叫做词汇学.词汇学研究语
英语翻译
【特殊词汇有困难请标出来空着,
词汇学
语言学的一个分支,研究、分析语言词项及词义和词汇系统.词汇学是研究词的学问.但是只研究某一两个词,还不能够叫做词汇学.词汇学研究语言中的全部的词,词的总汇.词的总汇,就是词汇.因此,我们就可以说：词汇学是研究词汇的科学.词汇是某种语言中词的总汇.作为某种语言中的词的总汇的词汇,当然不是大杂烩,不是词的简单的堆积.词汇是语言的一个子系统.词汇内部的各个单位处在相互联系、相互对立、相互制约之中.单个的词的价值取决于它在词汇整体中的地位,取决于它同其他单位之间的关系.词汇学研究的对象不是单独的孤立的词,而是处在词汇系统中的词,作为词汇系统的不可缺少的成员的词.因此,我们可以说,也应当说,词汇学是研究词汇系统的学科,是以构建词汇系统为目标的学科.
“词汇学的研究对象是词.”“词汇学的研究对象是词汇.”“词汇学的研究对象是词汇系统.”可以认为是同样的意思.词汇系统本质上是构成词汇体系的一种关系模式.因此,我们也可以说：词汇学是研究词汇系统的关系模式的学问.问题也不是这么样简单的.方光焘说：“词汇研究,这是研究语言的一切词的意义价值.”把词汇研究聚焦在词义上,那么词汇学如何同语义学区分呢?在语义学越来越发达繁荣的时候,如何区分语义学和词汇学?这是一个问题,现在并没有解决.中国传统,叫做“字”.“词”是从西方语言学中来的.第一部全面引进西方语言学的伟大著作马建忠的《马氏文通》还是“字”.语言学界一向以为,引进“词”,区分“词”和“字”,——“字”是文字问题,书写单位；词是语言的大单位——是一大进步,是中国语言学现代化、科学化的标志.

英语翻译【特殊词汇有困难请标出来空着,词汇学语言学的一个分支,研究、分析语言词项及词义和词汇系统.词汇学是研究词的学问.但是只研究某一两个词,还不能够叫做词汇学.词汇学研究语
Lexicology - a branch of linguistics that studies and analyses words' elements,the meaning of words,and the vocabulary system.Lexicology is a discipline that studies words.But just studying a few words does not make it lexicology.Lexicology deals with all words,the whole collection of words.The collection of words,that is the lexicon.So,we may say:lexicology is a science that studies vocabulary.Vocabulary is the complete collection of words of a certain language.A complete collection of words of certain language is no hotchpotch,it is not a simple pile up of words.The vocabulary is a subsystem of a language.The various units of a vocabulary are interconnected,they may be opposed to each other and restrict each other.The value of of an single unit of a vocabulary is derived from its place in in the whole vocabulary and the relation it has with the other units in that vocabulary.The object of lexicology is not solitary,isolated words,but words that are part of the vocabulary system,words that are indispensable members of that vocabulary system.Hence,we may say,and should say,lexicology is a discipline that studies the vocabulary system.It is a discipline that has objective of building a vocabulary system.
"The study object of lexicology is words" "The study object lexicology is vocabulary." "The study object of lexicology is the vocabulary system." One may hold these statement to have the same meaning.The essence of a vocabulary system is to construct a relational configuration of that vocabulary system.Therefore,we may say:Lexicology is a learning that studies the relational pattern of a vocabulary system.But things are not that simple.Fang Guangdao says:“the study of vocabulary is the the study of the value of the meaning of all words.” If the study of vocabulary is focussed on the meaning of words,how is lexicology distinguished from semantics?In a time when semantics is flourishing,how to distinguish semantics from lexicology?This is a problem indeed,and it has not been solved yet.
According to Chinese tradition words consist of "characters." “MaShi WenTong” by the great author Ma Jianzhong,that was the first to fully apply Western linguistics,still speaks of "characters".The world of linguistics has lately held that to introduce "words" and distinguish "words" from "characters" —— a "character" has to do with writing,it is a writing unit; a "word" is the larger unit of a language —— is a great improvement and is an indication of the modernization of and a more scientific approach to Chinese linguistic.
手译 word by word :-)