英语翻译新安县汉函谷关遗址概要新安汉函谷关遗址,位于河南省洛阳市新安县城关镇,北距黄河25公里,东距洛阳市区23公里.面积约4万平方米.它是公元前2世纪-公元3世纪西汉、东汉王朝设在长

英语翻译新安县汉函谷关遗址概要新安汉函谷关遗址,位于河南省洛阳市新安县城关镇,北距黄河25公里,东距洛阳市区23公里.面积约4万平方米.它是公元前2世纪-公元3世纪西汉、东汉王朝设在长
英语翻译
新安县汉函谷关遗址概要
新安汉函谷关遗址,位于河南省洛阳市新安县城关镇,北距黄河25公里,东距洛阳市区23公里.面积约4万平方米.它是公元前2世纪-公元3世纪西汉、东汉王朝设在长安、洛阳之间的的著名关塞.东汉王朝定都洛阳以后,它是以洛阳为起点丝绸之路的必经之地和第一要塞.1985年,新安县人民政府公布为第一批县级文物保护单位；2000年,被河南省人民政府公布为河南省文物保护单位；2013年5月被国务院审核公布为第七批全国重点文物保护单位.
函谷关蜚声中外,堪称中华第一古关.函谷关历史可以追溯到我国的商周时期,最早的雏形是位于河南省灵宝县的桃林古塞.它共有三关,秦关、汉关和魏关.秦关、魏关位于今灵宝县境内.公元前114年（西汉元鼎三年）冬天,楼船将军杨朴奉汉武帝的诏令,将位于河南省灵宝县的秦函谷关迁移到他的家乡新安县.为了区别秦代的函谷关,史称汉函谷关,简称汉关.
汉函谷关处于深山峡谷之中,周围群山环抱,绿水萦绕.它是一条南北60余公里的庞大的古代防线,文献记载“障自南山横洛水,北属于河,皆关塞也”.遗址由关城和长墙组成,从南到北控制着黄河漕运、崤函北道、崤函南道等三条路径,进而控制着整个洛阳盆地和关中平原之间联系.而洛阳盆地和关中平原正是维系统一的多民族国家的核心地带.
汉函谷关历经战火,多次重修,但是汉代的阙台、建筑基址、长墙等遗址长期处于自然保存状态,较为完整保存至今.经过历史上曾多次重修,历经千年的演变,最终形成今天的格局：狭长的“H”走廊.走廊的中心及主体建筑,是明清时期的砖石结构的关楼.
现存关楼1924年重修最后一次整修的遗留.关楼分二层：下层是砖石的构筑的敌台,拱券形门洞,上层为“十”字形二层砖木混合结构的敌楼.敌楼底层砖券结构,四门洞开,正顶十字交缝,每室各嵌“无字碑”两通,地面铺灰陶方砖.四面门洞初均有对联,今佚失.敌楼二层已坍塌.敌台三面由青砖包砌,正中设拱形门洞,中部有安装木质城门的肘眼.门洞东西两侧均有石刻对联.
函谷关的考古工作起于1998年.1998年-2000年在黄河小浪底水库建设过程中,洛阳市第二文物工作队於新安县盐东村发现汉代大型仓储遗址,出土大量“关”字瓦当.该遗址与汉函谷关关系密切,是北线的关塞遗址.该项考古工作获得1998-1999年中国十大考古新发现奖.2000年洛阳市第二文物工作队调查汉函谷关南线的散关城遗址.2012年6月洛阳市文物考古研究院对汉函谷关关城遗址进行调查勘探和发掘.
通过三次考古工作,基本搞清楚了汉函谷关的整体概况.其中2012年开始的调查勘探和发掘工作收获最大.此次考古工作了解了汉函谷关关城遗址的整体空间布局；发现了贯穿关城遗址的汉代道路和关城叠压在关城遗址之下的早期道路；解剖了东城墙、南城墙、望气台、建筑基址等两汉遗迹,确定了汉代主要遗址的年代和文化内涵；调查发现了位于关城遗址南北两侧凤凰山、青龙山山上的长墙遗址.这些考古工作为进一步做好文物保护展示创造了条件.通过考古发掘还出土大量与汉函谷关相关的历史文物,为遗址年代的真实性提供了可靠地依据.

英语翻译新安县汉函谷关遗址概要新安汉函谷关遗址,位于河南省洛阳市新安县城关镇,北距黄河25公里,东距洛阳市区23公里.面积约4万平方米.它是公元前2世纪-公元3世纪西汉、东汉王朝设在长
Han Xin'an County Fort ruins.
Han Xin'an Fort ruins,located in Xin'an County Chengguan town Luoyang city Henan Province,25 km south of the Yellow River,East 23 kilometers away from the urban area of Luoyang.An area of about 40000 square meters.It is second Century BC - ad third Century the Western Han Dynasty,Han Dynasty is located in the famous Changan,Luoyang fort.Luoyang Han Dynasty capital,it is with Luoyang as the starting point of the silk road must pass through the land and the first fortress.In 1985,the people's Government of Xin'an County announced the first batch of county-level cultural relics protection units; in 2000,by the Henan Provincial People's government announced for heritage conservation units in Henan Province in 2013 May by the State Council; audit announced the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Also renowned Chinese and foreign,is the first Chinese ancient customs.The fort history can be traced back to the Shang and Zhou dynasties in China,the first prototype is located in Henan Province,Lingbao County Taolin gousse.It consists of three,Qin Guan,Han and Wei guan.Qin Guan Wei Guan,Lingbao county is located in the territory of today.In 114 BC (Western Han Yuan Ding three years) in winter,from general Yang Pu Feng Han Wu Di Dahir,located in Henan province Lingbao County Qin also moved to his hometown of Xin'an County.In order to distinguish the Qin Dynasty fort,known as the Chinese fort,referred to as the Han guan.
The fort in the mountain valley,around the mountains,green water around.It is a north-south 60 km of the enormous ancient defense,literature "avoidance from Nanshan cross river,North belongs to the river,all passes also".Site by Guan City and long wall composition,from the south the Yellow River water control,Xiao Han North Road,Xiao Han,three paths to the north,then control the relationship between the Luoyang basin and the Guanzhong plain.The Luoyang basin and the Guanzhong Plain is the core zone to maintain a unified multi-ethnic country.
The fort after the war,rebuilt many times,but Han que station,construction site,long wall ruins in the long-term natural state of preservation,is preserved intact.After the history was rebuilt many times,after thousands of years of evolution,finally formed today's pattern:a "H" corridor.The corridor center and the main building,is a building of masonry structure of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The existing customs house rebuilt in 1924 last renovation legacy.Customs house is divided into two layers:the lower is the architecture of the masonry towers,arch-shaped openings,the "two layers of brick mixed structure ten" font towers.Watch tower bottom coupons brick structure,four door open,is the top cross stitch,each room of the block "monument without words" two floor tiles,grey pottery.The door has poetic couplet,now lost.The two layer has collapsed watchtowers.The enemy on three sides by brick masonry,median with arched openings,Central has installed wooden gates elbow eye.The things on both sides of the stone poetic couplet.
The archaeological work fort in 1998.In 1998 -2000 year in the construction process of the Yellow River reservoir in Xiaolangdi Dam,Luoyang City,second work team of cultural relics in Xin'an County East Village found large storage site of Han Dynasty,unearthed a large number of "off" tiles.Close the site and Chinese Fort relationship,is the Northern Line Fort ruins.The archaeological work for 1998-1999 China's ten new archaeological discovery award.The team in Luoyang city in 2000 second cultural relics survey of South Han also scattered off the city ruins.Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology of Luoyang city in 2012 June on the fort Guan City site investigation and exploration and excavation.
Through three times of archaeological work,clearly the overall situation of Chinese fort.Exploration and excavation work to harvest the largest investigation began in 2012 in which.The archaeological work of understanding the overall spatial layout of Han Fort Guan City ruins; found throughout the city ruins of the Han Dynasty Guan Guan City Road and laminated under Guan City ruins early road; anatomy of the east wall,south wall,at the gas station,construction site,the main site of Han Dynasty relics,age and cultural connotation the survey found that in turn; the ruins of the city north and South on both sides of Lantau Peak,Qinglongshan mountain long wall ruins.The archaeological work to create the conditions for further protect cultural relics exhibition.Historical relics by archaeological excavations unearthed a large number of associated with Chinese fort,provides reliable basis for the authenticity of the site's.