关于吸烟有害健康的英文版的文章

关于吸烟有害健康的英文版的文章
关于吸烟有害健康的英文版的文章

关于吸烟有害健康的英文版的文章
You Know Smoking Kills
Why Can't You Stop!
How To Kick It
By Tania A Prince




Illness And Smoking
It is estimated that approximately 50 million Americans smoke.
400,000 people are thought to die in America each year from smoking related causes. Yet even when smokers are presented with these figures they still smoke.
In the UK, it is estimated that 1/4 of the populace smoke, approximately 13 million adults. As smoking decreases in the older population the trend is increasing amongst the young.
Comparison of The Different Techniques For Stopping Smoking
There are many techniques available to help you stop smoking. But which of these is the most effective. In a scientific comparison of differing techniques used for stopping smoking (conducted by researchers at the university of Iowa, America), New Scientist reported that:
"Hypnosis is the most effective way of giving up smoking"
It is interesting to note that companies that produce chemical products, such as nicotine patches, also offer psychological help packages.
Physical And Psychological Addiction
When a person develops an addiction there are two components to it. One of these is a physical addiction to the substances themselves. The other is a psychological dependence. Surprisingly enough breaking the physical addiction with cigarettes is very easy. In fact if you think about it you sleep through the night for about eight hours without thinking or waking up for a cigarette. Yet when you are awake you may be a chain smoker, lighting one after the other. If the physical need was that great, you would wake up in the night. Any physical need dissipates within days.
Psychological need can go on for years. Hypnotherapists can eliminate with the psychological need.
Which Is The Most Effective Form Of Therapy?
There are many forms of therapy available today that all claim to help you give up smoking. The difference between them is the speed and ease with which they help. Another major difference is if they require will power in order to be effective. The most effective techniques do not require will power. Will power implies conscious effort. Habits and addictions are controlled by the subconscious mind. It is very difficult if not impossible to over power the unconscious mind by will power. A hypnotherapist works with the unconscious mind gaining its support. That is why smokers can generally stop incredibly quickly and easily when hypnosis is used.
Acupressure or acupuncture is also a technique widely used to help people stop smoking. It can be very effective. EFT, (Emotional Freedom Technique) is a very advanced yet simplistic form of acupressure. Used with hypnosis or by itself it can be extremely effective and fast in helping a person quit.
EFT can be used to address the psychological and physical parts of the addiction. It is such a simple technique that the client can be taught how to use it during the session and if they need to use it after, they have a back up tool to help them get the result they want, and stop smoking.
I worked with a client a couple of years back to help her eliminate a chocolate addiction. It worked really well. When I phoned her up for feedback some time later she told me an interesting story. Her husband had recently given up smoking using the will power method. He was driving her "nuts". So finally getting fed up, she said, "come on" and taught him how to do the technique. At first he felt a little uncomfortable, because if you've ever used EFT it is so simplistic you have to think "how on earth does this work", well after he got over that thought he said to his wife, "your not going to believe this but it's working". She told me that was the moment when it really sunk in for her how powerful the technique was.
Will Power Versus Smoking
No contest, smoking will win every time. Some people actually think they have used will power when what they have really done is called reframing. Reframing is when you generate a shift in thinking about something. Reframing is the basis of all therapy. The thing is you generally can not just tell yourself to think smoking in a different way. It's as if something has to "click" and suddenly you feel an automatic shift in your thinking.
A therapist who knows how to reframe, needs to get their timing right, but when you do the results can be spectacular. I generally do reframing whilst I'm using EFT it seems to work more effectively.
A client I worked with recently told me how he had made so many half hearted attempts to stop smoking, because he really didn't want to stop. He was only doing it for the other members of his family. He liked smoking.
After going to the doctor about a medical problem something clicked inside of him and he finally decided he wanted to stop for himself, for his health. (Note, he wanted too, but he still loved smoking)
Even though he wanted to stop, he felt envious of others who were able to smoke. He tried to reason out that other smokers also probably wanted to stop, but it didn't make him feel less envious, because it hadn't clicked, he still needed to make an effort to think this and if you'd really been able to listen to his thoughts you'd have probably heard a big .but.(I like smoking...you don't really want to stop, you just don't want to get ill), at the end of that thought. Working through the problem, it also became evident that he felt great loss at the thought of never being able to smoke again. He felt a tight feeling in his chest. The question becomes what was he losing? The nice feeling he had when he smoked. The one that relieved the tight feeling in his chest. The tight feeling that wouldn't be there if he hadn't smoked.
Long Term Effectiveness Of Hypnosis
T Von Dedenroth found that 94% of 1000 subjects were still not smoking 18 months after completion of hypnotherapy. 1000 Subjects were used in the trial. (American Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy (1968)).
New Scientist, Magazine (October 1992)
A Personal Account, Stopping Smoking Using Hypnosis And EFT
".(It's) normally such a battle with yourself (to give up smoking without hypnosis, but the) biggest thing I found was that I didn't think about them anymore. I had no cravings. I felt more confident and calm in situations. Before I had often felt anxious going out, but after the session I felt more level headed. Usually certain triggers set you off, (but) there was just nothing. Interesting thing was that the underlying reasons were dealt with, not just the smoking.It's just lovely ...even my health problems have sorted themselves out. My nails were always brittle and weak and always cracked- now they are a lot stronger and my lungs are better.generally overall I'm a lot better"
JB , Macclesfield
Why do people smoke?
This is a very interesting question. There are many reasons why a person may begin to smoke, these include: Trauma
Peer Pressure
Rebellion
Glamour
When people are under extreme stress they often look for ways of alleviating the anxiety. This can often lead to them taking up smoking. One client I worked with only began smoking in her forties when her husband was struck down with a major illness. She was under massive ongoing stress.



Stopping Smoking The Facts
Within eight hours
Oxygen levels in the blood return to normal and the concentration of nicotine is now halved
Within 48 Hours
Your sense of taste sharpens and nicotine is completely out of your body
10 Years After Stopping
The risk of having a heart attack has now diminished to the same level as a non smoker

吸烟有害健康
[1]Before Dr. Luther L. Terry, then the Surgeon General of the United States, issued his office's first "Report on Smoking and Health" more than 30 years ago, thousands of articles had alr...

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吸烟有害健康
[1]Before Dr. Luther L. Terry, then the Surgeon General of the United States, issued his office's first "Report on Smoking and Health" more than 30 years ago, thousands of articles had already been written on the effects of tobacco use on the human body.
[2] Tobacco companies had countered the reports--which purported to show links between smoking and cancer and other serious diseases--with denials and competing studies.
[3] So in 1964, Terry and his Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health knew they were stepping into a major pit of controversy when they announced "cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action".
[4] It was America's first widely publicized acknowledgment that smoking cigarettes is a cause of serious diseases.
[5] But the issue wasn't settled in 1964, nor is it settled in 1997, despite literally thousands more studies--and litigation that has forced at least one tobacco company to admit what some activists say they knew all along: cigarette smoke is hazardous to your health.
[6] More than 30 years--and more than 20 Surgeon General reports--later, the issue appears headed for settlement in the courtroom rather than the laboratory.
[1]30多年前，在当时美国的卫生局局长路德·L·特里博士发表他上任以来的第一份“有关吸烟与健康的报告”之前，已经有成千上万篇关于吸烟对人体健康影响的文章发表了。
[2]烟草公司对这些旨在表明吸烟和癌症以及其他疾病之间有关系的报告采取抵制的态度——予以否认，并提出分庭抗礼的研究报告。
[3]所以，在1964年，特里和他的吸烟与健康咨询委员会就明白了，在他们宣布“吸烟危害健康，在美国应引起人们足够的重视，有必要采取适当的补救措施”时，他们就踏人了一个争论的大坑中了。
[4]那是美国第一次广泛宣传，承认吸烟会导致严重的疾病。
[5]但是这个问题在1964年没有得到解决，在1997年还是没有解决，尽管确实又进行了数千项研究——且提起的诉讼已迫使至少一家烟草公司承认一些禁烟活动积极分子的说法，其实也是他们一直都明白的：吸烟对人体有危害。
[6]30多年以来，有20多位卫生局局长提出报告，此后，这个问题似乎是走向法庭解决，而不是在实验室解决。
So what are the risks? Here's what tobacco's critics say:
CANCER
[7] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says cigarette smoking is responsible for 151,322 cancer deaths annually in the United States. Most of those--116,920--are from lung cancer. The CDC says men who smoke are 22 times more likely to die from lung cancer than non-smokers. Women who smoke are 12 times more likely to die from the disease.
[8] Statistical studies have long shown that people who don't smoke live longer than people who do and scientists have seen statistically the correlation between smoking and incidences of lung cancer since the 1950s.
[9] But a study earlier this year by Gerd Pfeifer of the Beckman Research Institute pinpointed specific carcinogens in cigarette smoke that target parts of a gene already known to be prominent in some cancers.
[10] Pfeifer wrote in Science that cigarette smoke causes changes in the gene p53, which protects against cancer when normal but promotes cancer growth when mutated .
[11] Another study, published by the American Cancer Society, said that low-tar cigarettes offered no relief from the potential of cancer, and in fact were responsible for a type of cancer that reaches deeper into lung tissue.
[12] Other cancers are also affected by cigarette smoke. An American Cancer Society researcher reported earlier this year that smoking increased men's risk of dying of prostate cancer, while other studies have linked tobacco use to increased risk of other cancers, including throat, breast and bowel cancer.
那么吸烟究竟有什么危害呢?还是听听烟草批评家们的说法：
癌症
[7]疾病防治中心说，吸烟是导致美国每年151322位癌症患者死亡的罪魁祸首。这些死亡者中的大多数——116990人是死于肺癌。疾病防治中心认为，男性烟民死于肺癌的可能性是非吸烟者的22倍。女性烟民死于肺癌的可能性是非吸烟者的12倍。
[8]统计数据研究早就表明，不吸烟的人比烟民长寿，而且自20世纪50年代以来，科学家们通过统计资料，已经发现了吸烟和肺癌发病率之间的相互关系。
[9]而今年早些时候，贝克曼研究所的格尔德·普法伊费尔所作的一项研究确切地指出了卷烟烟雾中固有的致癌物，这些致癌物袭击的目标是一种基因的某些部分，人们已经发现，这种基因在一些癌症中很突出。
[10]普法伊费尔在《科学》杂志上写道，吸烟使p53基因发生改变，这种基因在正常情况下起着防癌的作用，但在发生突变时，就会加快癌症的发展。
[11]美国癌症协会发表的另一份研究报告说，尼古丁含量低的卷烟并不能减少患癌症的可能性，它们实际上是引起一种进入到肺组织深层的癌症的罪魁祸首。
[12]而其他的癌症也受吸烟的影响。今年年初，美国癌症协会的一份研究报告表明，吸烟使男性死于前列腺癌的危险增加了，而其他的一些研究把吸烟同患上其他癌症（包括喉癌、乳腺癌和结肠癌）的危险的增加联系到了一起。
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
[13] Smoking also has been linked time and again to cardiovascular diseases. Among these, the biggest killer is heart disease: according to the CDC, smoking triples the risk of dying from heart disease among middle-aged men and women.
[14] Studies also show an increased risk of death from stroke, aneurysms, high blood pressure, and other cardiovascular illnesses.
RESPIRATORY DISEASES
[15] Smoking is cited as a risk for dying of pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema. The CDC says people who smoke increase their risk of death from bronchitis and emphysema by nearly 10 times.
OTHER ILLNESSES
[16] A report recently published in the American Journal of Epidemiology suggested that smoking increased the risk of developing non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) by more than three times.
[17] Studies have pointed to smoking as a risk in vision loss among older people, mental impairment later in life, Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia.
EFFECT ON PREGNANCY
[18] Pregnant women who smoke can pass nicotine and carbon monoxide to their baby through the placenta. Research indicates this can prevent the baby from getting the oxygen and nutrients it needs to grow--potentially leading to fetal injury, premature birth, or low birth weight. According to the American Lung Association, smoking during pregnancy accounts for an estimated 20 to 30 percent of low birthweight babies, up to 14 percent of premature deliveries, and about 10 percent of all infant deaths.
心血管疾病
[13]吸烟还被一再地和心血管疾病联系在一起，其中最大的杀手是心脏病。根据疾病防治中心的说法，吸烟使中年男女烟民死于心脏病的危险增至3倍。
[14]研究还表明，死于中风、动脉瘤、高血压和其他心血管疾病的危险也有所增加。
呼吸系统疾病
[15]吸烟被引证为导致死于肺炎、慢性气管炎或肺气肿的一种隐患。疾病防治中心说，吸烟的人死于支气管炎和肺气肿的危险比不吸烟的人高出将近10倍。
其他疾病
[16]美国《流行病学杂志》最近发表的一份报告表明，吸烟使人们患非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的危险增加了3倍多。
[17]研究指出，吸烟有导致老年人中的失明、晚年大脑损伤、早老性痴呆病和其他类型的痴呆病的危险。 吸烟对妊娠的影响
[18]抽烟的怀孕女性会通过胎盘把尼古丁和一氧化碳传给胎儿。研究表明，这会妨碍胎儿获得发育所需要的氧气和营养物质，这可能对胎儿造成伤害，引起早产或胎儿体重不足。根据美国肺器官协会的说法，估计有20％至30％的体重不足的婴儿，多达14％的早产以及约10％的婴儿死亡都是由于女性在孕期吸烟引起的。吸烟的母亲还有可能通过喂母乳把尼古丁传给婴儿。
SECONDHAND SMOKE
[19] The studies didn't just point to the ill effects of smoking on those who smoke--non-smokers, too, are apparently affected by the smoke from their friends, family members and strangers who light up in their presence.
[20] A steady stream of reports documented the statistical risks of contracting cancer or suffering from heart disease, even if you've never put a cigarette to your lips.
[21] The American Heart Association last fall released a seven-year study showing that never-smoking spouses of smokers have more than a 20 percent greater chance of death from coronary heart disease than those who have never smoked who live with non-smokers. That study gave more impetus to the drive to make workplaces and other public areas smoke-free.
[22] The effects of smoking are hard on the children of smokers as well, the studies say. Dr. Claude Hanet of the St. Luc University Hospital in Brussels, Belgium, said earlier this year that a baby born to a smoking mother "should be considered an ex-smoker",
[23] Hanet's study cautioned that cigarette smoke was more detrimental with decreasing age.
[24] And a University of Birmingham, England, study, published in the British Journal of Cancer showed a possible link between fathers who smoked and an increased incidence of cancels in their children, while studies in the U.S. showed a possible link between smoking and DNA damage.
被动吸烟
[19)研究不光指出了吸烟给烟民自己造成的危害，还指出了非吸烟者显然也会受到他们吸烟的朋友、家人或在他们面前吸烟的陌生人的伤害。
[20]持续不断的报告通过统计数字证明，即使你从来就没有吸过烟，也有患癌症或心脏病的危险。
[21]去年秋季，美国心脏协会发表丁一份历时7年的研究报告，该报告指出，烟民的配偶虽然从不吸烟，但是和那些与非吸烟者生活的配偶相比，他们死于冠心病的危险要高出20％。这项调查进一步推动了在工作场所和公共场所禁烟活动的开展。
[22]调查还表明，烟民的孩子也深受吸烟之害。今年年初，比利时布鲁塞尔圣·卢卡大学医院的克劳德·哈内特博士说，吸烟的母亲生下的孩于“应被看作是有吸烟史的人”。
[23]哈内特的研究提请人们注意：年龄越小，吸烟的危害越大。
[24]《英国癌症杂志》发表的一份英格兰伯明翰大学的报告显示，吸烟的父亲与其孩子患癌症比率的增加可能有联系；同时美国的研究则显示吸烟和脱氧核糖核酸受损可能有关系。
SECONDHAND SMOKE
ADDICTION
[25] Of all the diseases associated with smoking, addiction is perhaps the one that receives the least attention. But President Clinton declared nicotine an addictive drug last August. In March, the Liggett Group, makers of Chesterfield and Lark brand cigarettes, admitted that cigarettes were addictive and cause cancer and agreed to pay about $750 million total to 22 states that had filed suit to force tobacco companies to pay for Medicaid for smoking-related illnesses.
[26] Scott Harshbarger, the Massachusetts attorney general and president of the National Association of Attorneys General, told reporters that the Liggett deal "will produce information that indicates major tobacco companies were fully aware that the product they were selling is addictive, that the product they were selling had great impact on public health".
[27] Other tobacco companies are clearly none too keen on the Liggett deal. For them, nicotine remains what they call a harmless flavor enhancement.
烟瘾
[25]在所有和吸烟有关的疾病中，也许人们最容易忽略的就是吸烟上瘾。然而，去年8月，克林顿总统宣布尼古丁为使人上瘾的麻醉药物。今年（指2000--编者注）3月，生产切斯特菲尔德和云雀牌香烟的利格特集团承认吸烟使人上瘾并会引发癌症，并且同意向22个州支付总额为7．5亿美元的赔偿金，这22个州提起了诉讼，要求烟草公司向治疗与吸烟有关的疾病的医疗补助制度进行赔偿。
[26]马萨诸塞州首席检察官、全美首席检察官协会会长斯哥特·哈什伯杰对记者说，对利格特集团的处理“将带来这样一个信息，那就是，大烟草公司充分意识到了他们出售的产品会使人上瘾，他们出售的产品对大众的健康影响极大”。
[27]很显然，其他烟草公司中没有一家对利格特集团的处理感兴趣。对他们来说，尼古丁仍然是他们所称的无害的提味剂。

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http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/20/health/20disp.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
时代纽约，二手烟对儿童的危害
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CEED81E3FF937A15755C0A9649C8B63
时代纽约，吸烟问题越来越严重
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http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/20/health/20disp.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
时代纽约，二手烟对儿童的危害
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CEED81E3FF937A15755C0A9649C8B63
时代纽约，吸烟问题越来越严重
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1562
American heart，关于吸烟对身体的影响

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