关于流动性陷阱中债券和利率的关系.Under certain liquidity preference an increase of the money supply bygovernment will lower the equilibrium rate of interest from Re to Re .This is becausethat people will purchase bonds with their extr

关于流动性陷阱中债券和利率的关系.Under certain liquidity preference an increase of the money supply bygovernment will lower the equilibrium rate of interest from Re to Re .This is becausethat people will purchase bonds with their extr
关于流动性陷阱中债券和利率的关系.
Under certain liquidity preference an increase of the money supply by
government will lower the equilibrium rate of interest from Re to Re .This is because
that people will purchase bonds with their extra money as they think they have much
more money than they’d like to keep after an increase of money supply.As the
demand for bonds increases,the price of bonds will rise which will push down
interest rates.So the fall of interest rates will stimulate investment demand and
increase employment and output through multiple effect.
1.里面有一句话是“ the price of bonds will rise which will push down interest rates."请问债券价格的上升是怎么降低利率的?
2." So the fall of interest rates will stimulate investment demand and increase employment and output through multiple effect." 里面的投资是什么样的投资?购买债券本身算不算投资?
3.里面提到的利率 是债券的利率还是什么利率?
我觉得混乱的原因是流动性陷阱出现的时候利率是很低的,利率低就应该刺激投资,而在流动性陷阱中却不会出现投资增加?是不是因为凯恩斯的投机性需求里面人们储存资产的方式只有两种,手持现金和购买债券,而里面说的投资就指的是购买债券?这样的话利率也值得是债券利率?

关于流动性陷阱中债券和利率的关系.Under certain liquidity preference an increase of the money supply bygovernment will lower the equilibrium rate of interest from Re to Re .This is becausethat people will purchase bonds with their extr
首先得确定债券的价格是怎么决定的：债券的价格等于未来现金流的现值（PV）,这里面就涉及到折现的利率i,简单的债券价格公式为
PV=FV1/i+FV2/i~2+.
通常情况下所采用的折现率是不变的,通过公式就可以知道大概的PV和i的关系是 ：
当折现率i提高,未来现金流的现值是缩小的,就会直接导致PV缩小；
反之,当折现率i降低,未来现金流的现值会变大,导致PV扩大；
其次,“investment demand”中的投资,主要是固定资产投资,比如厂房、地产和机器设备一类的投资；购买债券从广义上属于投资的范畴,但是不是文字里面所包括的内容；
再有,利率分为多种,比如贷款利率、存款利率 、债券的利率等等,但是有一个利率是最基本的,基准利率,或叫银行间同业拆借的利率,参考SHibor、Libor,这类利率是其他利率的基准,其他类型的利率依据自身的特点在这些利率上下浮动；
但文章里面所提到的利率,是简化了的市场基准利率,它在这里等同于债券的利率；
如有不对,还请指出.