现在完成时 过去完成时如题,本人40数初学英语 麻烦说的简单易懂些,在此谢过了!1楼不错了，但是我还是有点不懂它和 过去时的区别！比如说 I has bought a car 和 i bought a car 的区别！

现在完成时 过去完成时如题,本人40数初学英语 麻烦说的简单易懂些,在此谢过了!1楼不错了，但是我还是有点不懂它和 过去时的区别！比如说 I has bought a car 和 i bought a car 的区别！
现在完成时 过去完成时
如题,本人40数初学英语 麻烦说的简单易懂些,在此谢过了!
1楼不错了，但是我还是有点不懂它和 过去时的区别！比如说 I has bought a car 和 i bought a car 的区别！

现在完成时 过去完成时如题,本人40数初学英语 麻烦说的简单易懂些,在此谢过了!1楼不错了，但是我还是有点不懂它和 过去时的区别！比如说 I has bought a car 和 i bought a car 的区别！
现在完成时
1.表示过去发生的但对现在有影响的动作,可以不用时间状语.也可以和一些表示不定过去的时间状语连用,比如already,yet,ever,never,just,once,recently 等.
1).i have been to Peking many times.我多次去过北京（现在对北京有所了解）
2).he has bought a car.(现在他有车可以开了)
2.表示从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在的动作.一般要跟个表示一段时间的状语since,so far,in recently years,for +时间段.
例如
1）.he has lived here since 1949.
2) he has lived here for 40 years.
过去完成时
表示过去某一时刻以前已经完成的动作,常由by,before等.主要是宾语或定语从句中常见.状语从句也会用到
1）by the end of last year,i had worked in this college for ten years.去年年底是过去时间,而在大学工作十年是在去年年底之前,故用过去完成)
2）he had been a teacher for years before he became a writer.(成为作家是过去式,而做老师是在成为作家之前,过去的过去就用过去完成式)
3）he knew that he had made a mistaken (他知道为过去式,而犯错是在知道之前,过去的过去)
不知清楚了没?
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has 是宾语,
一句句字一定要有主,谓,宾结构饿,
i bought a car 更本就不是句子,has是修饰bought的,
不然你可以说 i want buy a car.我想买辆车,
但是I has bought a car 是我买了一辆车,
你说这句话的时候车已经买好了饿,所以是过去式,
懂了挖.

has 不能加bought

我已经买了一辆车\我买了一辆车

过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
过去完成时：即过去的过去所发生的事情！
其构成是主语+had +过去分词。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned s...

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过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
过去完成时：即过去的过去所发生的事情！
其构成是主语+had +过去分词。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.他说从前他学过英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.爱迪生12岁时，他已经开始自己谋生
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
过去完成时的用法（2）
表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，常与由when，before等连词引导的时间状语从句连用。
When I woke up it had already stopped raining.
我醒来的时候雨就已经停了。
I hadn't learned any English before I came here.
我来这儿之前没学过英语。
常用于引导这类状语从句的连词有：when当……的时候，as soon as一…就，
before在……之前，after在……之后，until直到，等。
过去完成时的用法（3）
用于宾语从句或间接引语中
I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.
我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿去。
He told me that he had passed the exam.
他告诉我他已通过考试。
过去完成时的用法（4）
某些动词的过去完成时表示一个打算要做却没有做成的事。
I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away.
昨晚我本打算来看你，但有人来找，脱不开身。
We had hoped to catch the early bus, but found it was gone.
我们本希望搭早班车，却发现车已开了。
这类动词有：intend打算，hope希望，plan计划，mean预定，want想要，
think想要，等。
过去完成时的用法（5）
用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中
If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.
如果你昨天来的话，你就已经见到他的面了。
She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.
要不是这么忙的话，她就已经来了。
It was given by him! But I didn't want to accept!
This kind of idea had never been thought about before yesterday!
She will have been left by you at this time of tomorrow.
The bycicle is being repaired by you!!!
第一个是一般过去时的被动语态。（一般现在时和一般将来时与其类似，只是be动词的区别罢了【即was/were与will be与is/are的区别）
第二个是过去完成时的被动语态。（现在完成时与其类似）
第三个是将来完成时的被动语态。
第四个是现在进行时的被动语态。但是，一般来说，这种情况在英语表达中是非常之少的。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案:D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had no ……when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner……than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
过去完成时的用法（1）
表示过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作，常与由by，before引导的时间状语连用。
We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.
到上个月底为止我已经学了五千个单词。
I had finished the composition before supper.
晚饭前我就已经把作文写完了
现在完成时的用法
主语+have(has)+过去分词(done)
（1.）定义：现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have no money to spend now.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:简已经摆桌子.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
（2.）定义2： 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.
2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently,still, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet
3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.
Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句)
6. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.
===================
现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”
1.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。
例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
2.现在完成时的"未完成用法"
现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。
(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：
①for短语
②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句
3.一段时间+has passed+since从句
4.主语＋have / has been＋since短语
例如：He has been in the League for three years.
或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了
一.have/has been doing sth.
for和since的运用
for表示及“经历（一段时间）”，而since表示“从……以来”。常见结构：
for+一段时间；since+一段时间+ago；since+一个时间点；since+从句
如：He has stayed here for 3 hours .他留在这儿已经有三个小时了。
He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.他三个小时前就已经留在这儿了。
He has stayed here since 3 o'clock. 他从三点钟一直留在这儿。
He has talled English since he came here .他到这以后就教英语。
1.现在完成进行时
当后面接有一段时间的词时,或是加表示时间的词时,可以用现在完成时.如果这件事现在还在持续或还在做,则可用
现在完成进行时.
如:I have been skating for 4 hours.
I have finished my homework.
2.现在完成时的被动语态.
后接动词的过去分词.
如:The building has been built for 5 years.
二.一般现在时:用动词原形
一般过去时:用动词的过去式
一般将来时:will/shall+do
is/am/are going to do
过去将来时:could/would do
现在完成时:have/has done
过去完成时:had done
将来完成时:shall have done
过去将来完成时:would/could have done
现在进行时:is/am/are doing
过去进行时:was/were doing
将来进行时:will/shall be doing
过去将来进行时:would/could be doing
现在完成进行时:have/has been doing
过去完成进行时:had been doing
将来完成进行时:shall have been doing
过去将来完成进行时:would have been doing
此时态一般在中学学习
过去分词的构成：
1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
⑴、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
⑵、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
lived---lived---lived ,
⑶、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,
play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed
⑷、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词：不规则动词的过去分词要特别牢记，详见课后附录中的不规则动词表.
两种时态的区分:
（ 1 ）、一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词 have/ has + 过去分词”。
(2) 、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
试比较以下几组句子，有什么区别：
① A:Have you seen the film ?
B:Did you see the film ?
分析：你看过这部电影吗？（ A ）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（ B ）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
② A:How has he done it ?
B:How did he do it ?
分析：他是怎么做的这件事？（ A ）句强调的是他做着件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；（ B ）句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。
③ A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years .
B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years .
分析：他在北京住了 8 年。（ A ）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。（ B ）句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在已经不在北京了。
（2）现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。
比：I have washed the car. 我洗过了车。（看上去很漂亮）
I washed the car a moment ago. 我刚才洗过车了。
She has watered the flowers. 她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）
She watered the flowers yesterday. 她昨天浇的花。
I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已经写好了，但还没有寄出。
I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago. 我上周写的那封信，3天前寄出的。
（3）现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。
比：It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了5个小时了。
It rained for live hours yesterday. 昨天下了5个小时的雨。
He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了。
He waited for her two hours and then went home. 他等她等了两个小时，然后就回家了。
I have reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我已经复习了两课。（说话时还在上午）
I reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我复习了两课。（说话时已是下午或晚上）

收起

同那位一样，那位说的已经不错了，很好

一句话 have/has had + 过去分词
I have bought a car 体现的是我已经有了车，不再需要
而I bought a car 体现的是 我有一辆车这个动作